Important Vocab
The belief that one race is naturally superior to another.
What is racism?
The invention that gave Europeans a major military advantage in Africa.
What is the Maxim gun?
India was valued by Britain and called this nickname.
What is the “jewel in the crown”?
Many Africans responded to imperialism with this.
What is resistance, diplomacy (working with Europeans), and violence?
The idea used by Europeans claiming they were helping “improve” colonized societies.
What is the civilizing mission?
One reason Europeans wanted African colonies during the Industrial Revolution.
What is the need for raw materials?
Indian soldiers employed by the British East India Company.
Who are sepoys?
This Indian soldier’s actions in 1857 helped ignite a major rebellion against British rule.
Who is Mangal Pandey?
The theory that “stronger” groups should dominate “weaker” groups.
What is Social Darwinism?
Before the 1800s, this prevented Europeans from exploring and conquering Africa.
What are:
diseases
difficult to navigate rivers
strong African armies
What sparked the Sepoy Mutiny in 1857?
What are rifle cartridges believed to be greased with animal fat?
Indian reformers ended this harmful widow-burning practice as a step toward modernizing India and preparing for self-governance.
What is sati?
The meeting where European nations divided Africa without consulting Africans.
What is the Berlin Conference?
This phrase describes the rush by European nations to take African land.
What is the Scramble for Africa?
After the Mutiny, British rule changed to this system.
What is the Raj?
Naoroji described British rule as this sweet but harmful metaphor.
What is the “knife of sugar”?
He claimed he wanted to bring Christianity to the Congo but brutally exploited its people.
Who is King Leopold II?
Under King Leopold’s rule, this natural resource was violently extracted in the Congo.
What is rubber?
Name one negative and one positive effect of British rule in India.
Positive: railroads, telegraphs, schools
Negative: loss of industries, famines, racism
This African nation resisted European imperialism by defeating Italy at the Battle of Adwa.
What is Ethiopia?