Labs/Tests
This lab value, as seen in the case, if elevated suggests heart failure
What is B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)?
This is the equation for stroke volume (SV)
What is SV = End-Diastolic Volume (EDV) – End-Systolic Volume (ESV)?
What is one adverse effect antihypertensives that would warrant reporting/following up on, in regard to a SBP of less than 90 mm hg?
What is hypotension?
_____ are professionals who aim to enhance overall well-being and help meet basic and complex needs of communities and people, such as with helping people gain access to care.
What are social workers?
A 68-year-old woman with hypertension and obesity presents with exertional dyspnea. Echocardiography reveals a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 55%. BNP is elevated. Which of the following is the most appropriate classification of her heart failure?
What is Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)?
This test provides information on myocardial perfusion, such as with coronary artery disease, at rest and exercise or pharmacological testing with the help of a radioactive tracer.
What is a Nuclear Medicine Stress Test?
This is the equation for Ejection fraction
What is EF = (SV/EDV) x 100?
It is advised to have restricted ____ intake only in patients with refractory (stage D, class IV) HF or symptomatic or severe hyponatremia (serum sodium <120 meq/L)
What is fluid?
Name one group of people who might qualify for medicaid.
Medicaid is the largest health insurance program by enrollment in the US and has an important role in financing care for eligible low-income adults, children, pregnant persons, older adults, people with disabilities, and people from racial and ethnic minority group
A patient on high-dose furosemide for decompensated HF becomes lethargic and hypotensive. Labs show K+ 2.9, Cr 2.2. What is the most likely cause of his former lab value?
What is furosemide?
This non-invasive test uses ultrasound to assess left ventricular function
What is transthoracic echocardiogram?
Using cardiac output, this is the equation for cardiac index
What is Cardiac index = cardiac output/body surface area (BSA)?
As part of a social history, cessation of what two substances/behaviors (not illicit) are often prescribed for lifestyle changes in patients with heart failure?
What is alcohol and smoking?
Studies have reported that angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI) are superior to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) in treating heart failure with _______
What is heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)?
A 64-year-old woman develops acute chest pain after hearing of her son's death. ECG shows ST elevation, but cardiac cath reveals normal coronaries. Echo shows apical ballooning. What type of cardiomyopathy is this?
What is Takotsubo cardiomyopathy?
This imaging test uses a magnetic field and radiofrequency waves to evaluate parts of the heart (including chambers, valves and muscles)
What is a cardiac MRI?
In order to maintain mean arterial pressure, if cardiac output decreases, what needs to go up (hint, this is part of an equation)?
What is total peripheral resistance?
Equation: MAP = CO x TPR
Many people are first alerted to worsening heart failure when they notice a weight gain of more than two or three pounds in a 24-hour period or more than five pounds in a week. This weight gain may be due to ______ since the heart is not functioning properly
What is fluid retention?
These are the three medications in Stage B (structural heart disease without S/S of HF) of the ACC/AHA guidelines for managing heart failure,
What are ACEI, ARB, and beta-blockers?
This myosin gene can be implicated in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
What is β-cardiac myosin heavy chain gene?
Cardiomegaly can be determined by a cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) of > 0.5, which measures the width of the _______ and the thoracic cavity
What is the cardiac silhouette?
This is the equation for mean arterial pressure in terms of systolic and diastolic blood pressures.
What is MAP = DP + 1/3(SP – DP) or MAP = DP + 1/3(PP)?
Based on expert opinion and limited evidence, it is advised patients with heart failure to restrict ___ intake to 3 g/day
What is sodium?
What is the secondary messenger molecule used by the receptor targeted by metoprolol?
What is cyclic AMP (cAMP)?
A large proportion of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy die suddenly, most secondary to _________
What is ventricular arrhythmia?