American Revolution
This group secretly organized protests against British taxes, including the Boston Tea Party.
Who were the Sons of Liberty?
He believed in natural rights: life, liberty, and property.
Who was John Locke?
He proposed the heliocentric (sun-centered) model of the universe.
Who was Nicolaus Copernicus?
This Russian ruler modernized the country and built St. Petersburg.
Who was Peter the Great?
This belief states that the Pope cannot err when teaching on faith or morals.
What is papal infallibility?
This 1770 event occurred when British soldiers fired on colonists.
What was the Boston Massacre?
This philosopher supported freedom of speech and criticized the Church.
Who was Voltaire?
This method starts with specific observations and builds general conclusions.
What is induction?
She was an Enlightened Empress of Russia who expanded education and culture.
Who was Katerina II (Catherine the Great)?
A movement focused on personal devotion and living a holy life.
What is Pietism?
This set of laws punished Boston by closing the harbor and restricting rights.
What were the Intolerable Acts?
This Enlightenment thinker wrote about the social contract and general will.
Who was Rousseau?
The belief that the Earth is the center of the universe.
What is geocentric theory?
He was the Prussian king known for military success and Enlightenment reforms.
Who was Frederick the Great (Fritz)?
This French idea limited the Pope’s authority in France.
What is Gallicanism?
This author wrote Common Sense, convincing colonists to support independence.
Who was Thomas Paine?
He believed humans were naturally selfish and needed a strong ruler.
Who was Thomas Hobbes?
This scientist discovered the circulation of blood.
Who was William Harvey?
She was the Habsburg ruler who improved education and strengthened the empire.
Who was Maria Theresia?
This movement denied free will and emphasized predestination.
What is Jansenism?
This group met in Philadelphia to respond to British actions and coordinate colonial resistance.
What was the Continental Congress?
This mathematician-philosopher said, “I think, therefore I am.”
Who was Rene Descartes?
This scientist developed the laws of motion and universal gravitation.
Who was Isaac Newton?
This ruler abolished torture, ended censorship, and promoted religious tolerance.
Who was Joseph II?
This theory challenged papal authority and supported national church independence.
What is Febronianism?