Characteristics of Living things
This organelle creates energy for the cell and is famously known as ”the powerhouse of the cell”.
what is the mitochondria?
The number of chromosomes found in a body cell.
What is 23 pairs or 46 chromatids?
The four major macromolecules.
What are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids?
The enzymes used in the replication of DNA.
What is helicase, primase, DNA polymerase, ligase?
The four types of evidence of evolution that we discussed in class.
What is fossil evidence, comparative anatomy, embryology, and biogeography?
The cell structure that both eukaryotes and prokaryotes have in common.
What is the cell membrane?
The end product of meiosis (your answer should include 3 describing features)
What is 4 haploid gametes?
This type of transport requires the input of energy and moves substances against their concentration gradient, typically via protein pump.
What is active transport?
This is the term used for a molecule made up of a nitrogenous base, a sugar molecule, and a phosphate group.
What is a nucleotide?
The phenomenon where both alleles are for a gene contribute equally(expressed at the same time) to the organisms phenotype.
What is codominance?
The seven characteristics that describe the basic functions/features of all living things.
What is movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition?
Number of chromosomes at the end of meiosis 2.
What is 23 chromatids?
This biological molecule is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and serves as the main energy source for cells.
What is a carbohydrate?
The process by which an mRNA sequence is decoded by the ribosome to synthesize a specific protein.
What is translation?
The process by which individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce at higher rates than others.
What is natural selection?
These large membrane bound vesicles are responsible for storing nutrients and breaking down cellular waste.
What are lysosomes?
The event that results in recombinant chromosomes and the phase in which it takes place.
What is crossing over and prophase 1?
This molecule is made of amino acids and is used in biochemical reactions as a catalysis.
What is an enzyme?
This molecule carries genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes, where it is used as a template from protein synthesis.
What is mRNA?
The change in the genetic composition of organisms over a long period of time.
What is evolution?
The 3 principles of cell theory.
What is cells are the basic unit of life, all living things are composed of cells, and all cells come from pre existing cells?
The law that states the alleles of two different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another.
What is the law of independent assortment?
The main structural component of the cell membrane, consisting of two fatty acid chains and a phosphate group attached to a glycerol backbone.
What is the phospholipid bilayer?
In transcription, the mRNA is synthesized in the direction of this, with respect to the DNA template.
What is 5’ to 3’?
This evolutionary mechanism involves random changes in a gene pool due to a detrimental change in population size.
What is genetic drift?