Unit 6 Grammar
Past perfect
They ________ (break) all the rules by the end of the first day.
They had broken all the rules by the end of the day.
Would rather (than)
We’d rather (stream / to stream) a comedy than go out.
We’d rather stream a comedy than go out.
Use EVEN to emphasize a point
It is dangerous to smoke one cigarette a week.
It is dangerous to smoke even one cigarette a week.
analysis
careful examination of something in order to understand it
fitting room
a room for trying on clothes
Past perfect
Their friends were already at work and ________ (not, see) the accident.
Their friends were already at work and hadn't seen the accident.
Shorten using reduced defining relative clauses
We got a room that was overlooking the mountains and the beach.
We got a room overlooking the mountains and the beach.
Showing purpose
She’s studying to be a doctor because she wants to help people.
She’s studying to be a doctor to help people.
accuse
to say that someone has done something wrong or illegal
revolutionary
completely new and different in a way that leads to great improvements
Present perfect passive
Bicycle helmets ________ (require) in many U.S. cities since the mid-1990's.
Bicycle helmets have been required in many U.S. cities since the mid-1990's.
Shorten using reduced defining relative clauses
Nobody who is sitting in the traffic jam will get home early tonight.
Nobody sitting in the traffic jam will get home early tonight.
Showing purpose
We only use that pan when we want to make pancakes.
We only use that pan for making pancakes.
a suspect
someone who the police think may have committed a crime.
specialize (in)
to deal with one particular thing so that you know a lot about it
Do / did as a verb substitute
Websites track which articles you click on which you _______.
Websites track which articles you click on which you don't.
Passive causatives
We __________ (everything, plan) months in advance.
We had everything planned months in advance.
Wish / If only to express regrets
I __________ (we, not, spend) so much on our vacation.
I wish we hadn't spent so much on our vacation.
figure out
to understand something after thinking about it
efficient
working well, in a way that does not waste time, money, or energy
Put into the passive
Someone has rescued the residents.
The residents have been rescued.
Passive causatives
We asked them to ____________ (our air conditioning, fix) before the heat wave.
We asked them to get our air conditioning fixed before the heat wave.
Wish / If only to express regrets
__________ (I, not, start) smoking when I was younger.
If only I hadn't started smoking when I was younger.
rigorous
monitor (verb)
to carefully watch something to see if it changes