Digestive
Name the 4 layers of the GI tract.
Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscular externa, Serosa/Adventitia
This organ produces bile.
Liver
These are microscopic, grape like air sacs where gas exchange occurs
Alveoli
This is a double layered membrane that encloses the lungs and keeps them inflated.
Pleura
An infection that causes inflammation and fluid buildup in alveoli.
Pneumonia
Rhythmic wave-like contraction of smooth muscle that propels food down esophagus.
Peristalsis
Finger-like projections on mucosal surface of small intestine that increase surface area.
Villi
This structure, commonly known as the windpipe, is kept open by C- shaped rings of hyaline cartilage.
Trachea
Sum of tidal volume, Inspiratory Reserve Volume, and Expiratory Reserve Volume.
Vital Capacity
A condition where the walls of alveoli are destroyed and lungs passively snap back during expiration.
COPD
This is a valve that regulates the passage of chyme from stomach into duodenum.
Pyloric Sphincter
Hormone that stimulates gallbladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme release.
Cholecystokinin
A phospholipid-rich fluid that reduces surface tension. Hint- think of type 2 cells
Pulmonary Surfactant
The respiratory membrane, across which, gas exchange occurs.
Basement membrane
This is caused by transient relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter which causes heartburn.
GERD
This is a glycoprotein secreted by the parietal cells that is needed for b12 absorption.
Intrinsic factor
Between Circular and Longitudinal muscle layers that control GI tract motility.
Auerbach's/ myenteric plexus
According to this effect, an increase in blood CO2 and ph drop decreases ____'s affinity for oxygen, causing it to unload in tissues. What is this effect?
Hemoglobin, Bohr Effect
What type of curve does that oxygen-hemoglobin disassociation curve take on.
Sigmoidal S-shaped curve
Genetic disorder that has a dysfunctional chloride transport system, leading to mucus buildup in lungs.
Cystic Fibrosis
These transport digested lipids towards the subclavian vein and are located within villi.
Lacteals
A disease radiating outward in the lungs that causes secretion of ADH and hyponatremia.
Small Cell Lung Cancer