Just Take a Breather
Disorder resulting in air in the pleural cavity
what is a pneumothorax?
The name of the area made of the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli
What is the respiratory zone?
Indicated by Pip, and is a negative pressure within the pleural cavity. It fluctuates when we breath but will always remain negative in relation to Ppul.
What is intrapleural pressure?
The 3 major cell types that are in the alveoli are
What is type 1 alveolar cells, type 2 alveolar cells, alveolar macrophages?
The diaphragm contracts and the thoracic volume increases
What is inspiration?
A blockage occurs in an alveolus yet air is still able to flow via what structure
What is alveolar pores?
The value and the name of the pressure that keeps the lungs from collapsing
what is intrapleural pressure, -4 mmHg?
The cells that secrete surfactant that coats alveolar surfaces to reduce friction and allow slip.
What are type II alveolar cells?
these three factors influence the ease of air passage and the amount of energy required for ventilation
what are airway resistance, alveolar surface tension, and lung compliance?
The following structure has the highest resistance in the respiratory tract and is associated with asthma
What is Secondary (lobar) bronchi?
How much stretch or distensibility the lungs have, that measure the change in lung volume occurring with a change in transpulmonary pressure.
What is lung compliance?
This cell secretes this substance decreases water's cohesiveness properties, decreasing surface tension
What are surfactant secreted by type II alveolar cells?
this structure warms the air before entering the lungs
What is paranasal sinuses
Name the 3 ways blood transports CO2 from tissue cells to lungs (from least amount to most)
What are dissolved in plasma, chemically bound to hemoglobin, and as bicarbonate ions in plasma?
Three factors that would cause a shift to the right and enhance oxygen unloading from the blood.
What are increased temperature, increased H+, increased PCO2?
This system helps resist changes in blood pH
what is the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system?
Name the two medullary respiratory centers and what their purposes are
What are the ventral and dorsal respiratory groups. The ventral respiratory group generates rhythmic breathing and sets the normal rate for breathing. The dorsal respiratory group integrates information from peripheral stretch and chemoreceptors and sends the information to the ventral respiratory group?
This causes a leftward shift in the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve
What is increasing arterial blood pH?
The three ways carbon dioxide is transported in the blood, in order from the biggest to the smallest role.
What is as bicarbonate ions in plasma, as chemically bound to hemoglobin, and as dissolved in plasma?
Explain the left shift in the oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve and what factors would cause this
What is left shift favours O2 loading and decreases the ability to release O2 from the hemoglobin to the tissues. Factors include decreased H+, temperature, altitude, BPG?