Cellular respiration
This organelle is known as the "powerhouse of the cell" where cellular respiration occurs.
What is the mitochondria?
This enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix at the A-T rich sequence by breaking hydrogen bonds.
What is helicase
This protein shell surrounds and protects viral genetic material.
What is the capsid?
These branched structures receive signals from other neurons.
What are dendrites?
This type of mutation involves the addition of one or more extra DNA bases into a sequence.
What is an insertion?
This 3-carbon molecule is the end product of glycolysis.
What is pyruvate?
DNA replication is described by this term, meaning each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.
What is semiconservative?
Viruses cannot be killed by antibiotics because they rely on this to replicate.
What is the host cell's machinery?
The resting potential of a neuron is this value in millivolts.
What is -70 mV?
A substitution that creates a stop codon too early in the sequence, cutting the protein short.
What is a nonsense mutation?
This cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and produces NADH, FADH2, ATP, and CO2.
What is the Krebs Cycle (or Citric Acid Cycle)?
These short RNA sequences are added by primase to provide a starting point for DNA polymerase III.
What are primers
The five stages of the viral life cycle in order.
What are attachment, entry, replication, assembly, and release?
These three classes of neurons transmit signals in the nervous system.
What are sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons?
These "jumping genes" are pieces of DNA that can move from one place in the genome to another.
What are transposons?
These electron carriers drop off high-energy electrons at protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane during this stage.
What are NADH and FADH2 (during the Electron Transport Chain)?
This strand is synthesized discontinuously in short segments called Okazaki fragments.
What is the lagging strand?
Some RNA viruses contain this enzyme that converts viral RNA into DNA, reversing the usual process.
What is reverse transcriptase?
During an action potential, the membrane potential reaches this positive value when sodium ions rush into the cell.
What is +35 mV?
This type of mutation occurs when insertion or deletion changes the way the genetic code is read in triplet codons, often producing a completely different or non-functional protein.
What is a frameshift mutation?
This anaerobic process recycles NADH into NAD+ and produces only 2 ATP, converting pyruvate into either lactic acid or ethanol and CO2.
What is fermentation?
This enzyme seals the gaps between Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand and twists the strands to form the double helix.
What is DNA ligase?
As a virus exits the cell, it takes part of this structure to form its envelope.
What is the cell membrane (or plasma membrane)?
This pump uses ATP to move 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions into the cell, maintaining the membrane potential and restoring resting potential.
What is the sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+ pump)?
Mutations in this tumor suppressor gene normally stop the cell cycle if DNA is damaged, but when mutated, damaged cells keep dividing and cancer risk increases.
What is the p53 gene?