The First Crusade
What city did the Crusaders want to conquer?
Jerusalem.
Who was the Muslim leader who recaptured Jerusalem?
Saladin.
What does the word sacred mean?
Holy or important to a religion.
What was Genghis Khan's real name?
Temujin.
What kind of animals helped the Mongols travel?
Horses.
Which pope asked Christians to conquer Jerusalem?
Pope Urban II.
Which English king was known as the Lionheart?
Richard the Lionheart (Richard I of England).
Which two religions considered Jerusalem sacred?
Christianity and Islam.
What was Genghis Khan good at doing?
Hunting and conquering other lands; he was a skilled military leader.
What type of army did the Mongols have?
A massive army.
In what year did the First Crusade begin?
1096.
In what year did Saladin recapture Jerusalem?
1187.
What happened when the Turks attacked the Byzantine Empire in 1071?
The Turks conquered Byzantine territory.
What happened in 1206?
Temujin became Genghis Khan and united the Mongol tribes.
What did the Mongols use to move quickly across large areas?
They used horses and traveled quickly across large areas.
What happened when the Crusaders conquered Jerusalem in 1099?
They killed almost all the Muslims living there and conquered the surrounding cities.
What did Richard and Saladin do after fighting for three years?
They made a peace treaty. Saladin allowed Christians to visit Jerusalem.
Why did Christians travel to the Holy Land?
They wanted to visit or take control of Jerusalem, a holy city for Christians.
What happened after Genghis Khan died in 1227?
His sons and grandsons continued conquering lands and expanding the Mongol Empire.
What happened to Baghdad when the Mongols attacked it?
The Mongols took Baghdad and killed most of its people.
For approximately how many years did Europeans control Jerusalem after the First Crusade?
Almost 100 years.
Why was the Third Crusade a failure for the Christians?
Saladin's army defended Jerusalem, and Richard did not conquer the city. Richard eventually left without visiting Jerusalem.
What was one reason European kingdoms became more independent after the Crusades?
European kingdoms lost interest in the pope's authority and became more independent.
What did Genghis Khan's sons and grandsons do after his death?
They continued conquering much of Asia. His grandson Kublai Khan later started the Yuan Dynasty in China.
In what year did the Mongols lose their independence in China?
1368.