Life Science
What is the process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy?
Photosynthesis
What is the difference between a mixture and a solution?
A mixture has particles that are not evenly distributed; a solution has one substance evenly distributed throughout another
What is Newton's First Law of Motion?
An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force
Define the term 'atom.'
The smallest particle of matter that makes up all substances
Name the eight planets in our solar system in order from the sun.
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Name the three main roles of organisms in a food web.
Producers, consumers, and decomposers
A mixture has particles that are not evenly distributed; a solution has one substance evenly distributed throughout another
The solute
What is the difference between a balanced force and an unbalanced force?
Balanced forces are equal and opposite (no motion); unbalanced forces are unequal and cause acceleration or direction change
What is the difference between a physical property and a chemical property?
Physical property is observable without changing the substance; chemical property describes how a substance reacts or changes into a new substance.
Why does the sun appear brighter than other stars in our night sky?
Because the sun is much closer to Earth than any other star
A sequence showing the order in which organisms eat one another, starting with a producer, is a what?
Food Chain
Name two methods for separating a mixture.
Filtration, evaporation, magnetic attraction, or flotation (any two)
Is gravity a contact force or a non-contact force?
Non-contact force (it pulls objects without touching them)
What is density?
The amount of matter (mass) in a given volume of space; calculated as mass divided by volume
What causes the moon to have different phases?
The relative positions of Earth, moon, and sun; as the moon orbits Earth, we see different amounts of its illuminated side
In a healthy ecosystem, what does the sun provide to producers?
Light energy (primary source of energy)
What happens to the rate at which a solute dissolves when you increase temperature?
The solute dissolves faster (or more quickly)
Explain what happens to potential energy as an object falls.
Potential energy decreases as it is converted into kinetic energy
This is a special type of mixture where one substance is evenly distributed throughout another substance?
Solution
What causes Earth's seasons: its distance from the sun or the tilt of its axis?
The tilt of Earth's axis (Earth is closest to the sun in January but that is winter in the Northern Hemisphere)
Explain what would happen to a food web if all the decomposers disappeared.
Dead organisms would pile up, and nutrients would not return to the soil; the ecosystem would become unhealthy
If you stir a sugar solution while heating it, how does this affect how quickly the sugar dissolves compared to not stirring?
Stirring increases the rate of dissolving; the sugar dissolves faster when you stir and heat it together
If you were to design a system to test friction, would adding textured or grooved surfaces, using non-slip materials, or adding patterns that grip the ground increase or decrease friction on the soles of a shoe?
Increase Friction
The amount of solute compared to the amount of solvent; how much dissolved substance is in the solution is called this?
What is a concentration
Explain the difference between a lunar eclipse and a solar eclipse.
A lunar eclipse occurs when Earth passes between the sun and moon, blocking sunlight on the moon; a solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes between Earth and the sun, blocking sunlight on Earth