Oceans
What are the three key types of organisms on a food chain?
Producers, consumers, and decomposers.
Sound is caused by ______.
Vibrations
Matter is anything that has ____.
Mass (and takes up space)
How are the shapes of an animal cell and a plant cell different?
An animal cell is round, a plant cell is usually shaped like a rectangle.
What are the 4 layers of the Earth?
Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core.
What are the underwater mountains caused by plate movements called?
Mid Ocean Ridges
______ is the distance between two sound waves.
Wavelength
Matter is made up of particles. Another word for "particles" can be ______.
Atoms or molecules.
What does a plant cell have that an animal cell does NOT have?
Cell Wall, Chlorophyll
Define weathering and erosion.
Weathering: breaking down rock into smaller pieces, usually caused by wind, rain, and temperature.
Erosion: moving those smaller bits and pieces of rock to another location, usually caused by water and wind.
What causes ocean currents? What is the difference between surface and deep sea currents?
Wind, temperature, and salinity. Surface currents are caused by wind, deep currents are caused by temperature and salinity.
_______ is the number of sound waves in a given unit of time.
Frequency
What are the three states of matter? Describe their particles.
Solid (particles packed tightly), Liquid (particles spread out and slide past each other), Gas (particles very spread out and move in all directions).
What is the difference between vertebrates and invertebrates?
Vertebrates: Animals WITH backbone, 5 subgroups (fish, amphibian, reptile, bird, mammal), each subgroup has its own characteristics.
Invertebrates: Animals WITHOUT backbones, 6 subgroups (worms, sponges, mollusks, anthropods, echinoderms, and coelenterates), each subgroup has its own characteristics.
Describe the 3 types of Plate Boundaries.
Convergent: plates push together, can form mountain ranges.
Divergent: plates move apart, magma rises up, cools, and forms ridges.
Transform: plates slide, slip, and grind past each other. The sudden release causes earthquakes.
Name the parts of the Ocean Floor.
Continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise, abyssal plain, trench.
True or False: Light needs matter to travel through.
FALSE: Light DOES NOT need matter to travel.
Give an example of a physical change and an example of a chemical change. What makes them chemical/physical changes?
Physical: No new substance is produced (melting, freezing, dissolving)
Chemical: A change in matter where one or more new substances are produced. Difficult to reverse (cooking, burning, rusting)
What is the difference between vascular and nonvascular plants?
Vascular: Special tubes carry water and food from soil to other parts of the plant, roots main sources of food/nutrients, make their own food (EX: trees, flowers, grass)
Nonvascular: No tubes to carry water and food, plants act like sponges to soak up water, plants are small and grow in damp, shady areas (EX: moss, lichens, liverwort)
What kind of energy causes the tectonic plates to move?
Thermal Energy: the heated magma beneath the crust allows the tectonic plates to move.
What are the layers of the ocean (light zones)?
Sunlit Zone: Sunlight, many animals
Twilight Zone: Not enough sunlight for plants, not many animals
Midnight Zone: Intense pressure and freezing temp., barely any animals
When light hits an object, what are the 4 things that can happen?
It gets reflected, refracted, transmitted, or absorbed.
What is the difference between a mixture and a solution?
A MIXTURE can be SEPARATED and will not lose their characteristics when combined. (EX: Salad)
A SOLUTION can NOT be separated and will lose characteristics when combined or dissolved to form a new substance (EX: Kool-Aid)
What are the 5 Kingdoms of Living Creatures?
Plants, animals, moneran, protist, fungi
Describe the rock cycle; How does one type of rock change into another type?
Metamorphic: Heat and Pressure
Sedimentary: Weathering and Erosion
Igneous: Melting