Scientific Investigations
What is the factor that is changed by the experimenter on purpose?
Independent variable.
What kind of energy transformation occurs when you plug in a fan?
How about when you use solar panels to power your home?
Electrical ---> mechanical energy
radiant ---> electrical energy
What is matter?
What is mass?
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
The amount of matter something has.
What three things do you need to create a simple circuit?
energy source (battery), pathway (wires), energy receiver (lightbulb)
What does it mean to conserve energy? Give two examples of how you can conserve energy in your everyday life.
Conserve means to save... "save energy". Examples may vary.
What is the factor that changes due to the independent variable and is what the experimenter measures?
Dependent variable
Explain the different types of energy...
1. radiant energy, 2. mechanical energy, 3. thermal energy, 4. electrical energy
radiant- light
mechanical- motion
thermal- heat
electrical- caused by moving electrical charges
When matter changes phases what happens to it's mass?
The mass will stay the same.
Sound needs to travel through a __________.
Give 3 examples and explain how they impact the speed.
medium (solid, liquid, gas)
Sound travels the fastest through solids, then liquids, then gasses because of the particles/atoms.
Draw a picture and label the Earth's 4 major layers & describe what each layer is made of.
Check drawing
What is the difference between qualitative data and quantitative data? Please give an example for each.
Qualitative data- observable through the senses
Quantitative data- measurable
What is kinetic and potential energy? Give an example of each.
Kinetic energy- energy in motion
Potential energy- energy that has not yet been released
Examples will vary.
Explain what will happen to an ice-cream that has been left outside on a hot summer day. Why would the state of matter of the ice cream change?
Temperature increase will cause the ice cream to turn from a solid, to a liquid, to a gas. Matter changes if there is a change in temperature.
Describe the following vocabulary terms, how they relate to light, & give an example...
opaque, translucent, transparent
opaque- completely block light from passing through. Examples: metal, wood, bricks, aluminum foil, and thick paper.
translucent- allow only part of the light to pass through, while also bouncing it in many new directions. They give a blurry view & let some light in. Examples: wax paper, frosted glass, thin fabrics, some plastics, & thin paper.
transparent- allow light to pass through with almost no disturbance. You can see objects through them & they may or may not color the light. Examples: clear glass, clear plastic food wrap, clean water, & air.
What is the difference between nonrenewable and renewable resources? Give an example of each.
renewable resources- can be produced by nature and can be replaced in our lifetime. examples: Plants, Solar, Water
nonrenewable resources- once it is used, it’s gone and cannot be replaced in our lifetime. examples: Coal, Oil, Natural Gas
Please list the correct tools a scientist would use to measure the following...
1. length, 2. temperature, 3. mass, 4.volume
centimeter ruler or meter stick
thermometer
balance or scale
graduated cylinder or beaker
What are Newton's 3 Laws of Motion?
1. Law of Inertia- an object in motion stays in motion or an object at rest stays at rest unless acted upon by an outside force.
2. 2nd Law- an object with more mass will need more force to accelerate.
3. 3rd Law- for every action there is an opposite and equal reaction.
What is the difference between a mixture and solution? Give an example of each.
Mixture- a combination of two or more substances that keep their physical properties. You can see the individual parts and it does not go through a chemical change. Examples- fruit salad, sand & water, etc.
Solution- type of mixture that has the same composition throughout it and when one substance dissolves into another. Examples- sugar and water, lemonade, etc.
Draw a picture of a light wave including the following vocabulary words (be prepared to explain what they each mean)...
wavelength, trough, crest, and amplitude
Draw a picture of the rock cycle...
Check drawing
Please put the following steps in correct order for The Scientific Method...
draw a conclusion, ask a question or define a problem, do research, share results, analyze data, form a hypothesis, perform an experiment
1. ask a question or define a problem, 2. do research, 3. form a hypothesis, 4. perform an experiment, 5. analyze data, 6. draw a conclusion, 7. share results
Define the following vocabulary words and give an example of each...
force, speed, and friction
force- a push or pull that changes or causes an object to move
speed- how fast an object is moving
friction- a force that opposes or stops/slows down an object's motion
Draw a picture of what the particles look like in all 3 states of matter. When sharing make sure to explain how the atoms are different depending on the phase.
Solid- atoms are packed tight together and vibrate
Liquid- atoms of a liquid are close together and slide by each other.
Gas- atoms of a gas move freely and can fill a container.
What is the difference between a parallel and series circuit? Draw a picture to represent each circuit and be prepared to explain how they work.
Check drawings & explanations
Draw a picture to represent the three main plate boundaries. Be prepared to explain what happens at each boundary.
Convergent, divergent, & transform boundaries.