The Earth's layers
a scientist who studies the structure, rocks and minerals of the earth
What is a geologist
an inorganic substance found naturally in the earth
What is a mineral?
A mineral that can be cut and polished
What is a gemstone?
a hard natural substance made of one or more minerals
What is a rock?
core, mantle, and crust
What are the three layers of the earth?
the orderly arrangement of the particles that make up a mineral
What is a crystal?
a gemstone that is beautiful and rare
What is a precious stone?
Rocks formed from lava or magma
What are igneous rocks?
small bits of weathered rock
What is sediment?
The way mineralogist tell the difference between mineral's colors
What is a streak test?
a mineral that is usually found in rocks called ores
What is a metal?
Rocks formed when layers of sediment and organic material harden
What are sedimentary rocks?
The movement of sediment from one place to another
What is erosion?
a shiny luster
What is metallic luster?
Using extreme heat to separate a mineral from rocks
What is smelting?
Sedimentary and igneous rocks changed by heat and pressure deep below the earth's crust
What are metamorphic rocks?
The loose material on the surface of the earth
What is soil?
The five characteristics that mineralogist use to identify minerals
What are crystal structure, color, luster, hardness, and cleavage/fracture?
Uses for minerals outside of gemstones
Metamorphic rocks that split into flat sheets easily
What is foliated?