Scientific Method
What is a hypothesis?
Testable prediction to investigate
Who proposed the plum-pudding model of the atom?
Thomson
What is the shape of an s-orbital?
Sphere
Q: What type of bond involves sharing electrons?
Covalent
What type of bond forms when electrons are transferred?
Ionic
What is the difference between an independent and a dependent variable
The independent variable is changed by the experimenter: the dependent variable is measured to see the effect of that change.
Whose experiment discovered the nucleus?
Rutherford
What orbital has a dumb- bell shape?
P
What term is the relative attraction an atom in a molecule has for the shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond?
Electronegativity
What is the name of the first type of bond formed by head-on orbital overlap?
Sigma
Why are controlled variables important in an investigation?
Making the test fair and valid.
Q: Who discovered the neutron?
Chadwick
What is the electronic configuration of Sodium?
1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s1
What type of bond forms from sideways overlap of p-orbitals?
Pi
What shape is a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and no lone pairs?
Tetrahedral
What is meant by “replicability” in an experiment?
It means other researchers can repeat the same method and obtain similar results, increasing trust in the findings.
What term describes energy levels where electrons are found?
Orbitals
How many electrons does oxygen have after it becomes a 2- ion?
10
What is the H–O–H bond angle in water?
104.5
what term describes a molecule with an uneven distrubution of electrical charge. Parts have a partial positive and other a partial negative
Polar
What % is the AAC in your overall grade?
40%
What are cathode rays?
Streams of electrons produced when an electric current passes through a low-pressure gas in a vacuum tube.
Why is the electronic configuration of copper an exception?
[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹
What are weak intramolecular forces that exist between all molecules?
Van der Vaals.
What is an ion- dipole force?
force of attraction between an ion and a polar molecule.