Weathering processes and landforms
What are our 3 types of weathering
Mechanical, chemical, biological
Define mass movement
Mass movement is the movement of regolith downslope under the influence of gravity
Where do glaciers begin
Cirque
Name a country that formed as a result of hotspots
Iceland
Name the area in America where earthquake activity is common
San Andreas fault
Distinguish between physical and chemical weathering.
Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical makeup through physical forces like freezing and thawing or abrasion. Chemical weathering, in contrast, decomposes rocks by changing their chemical composition through reactions with substances like water, oxygen, and acids
What is regolith
Regolith is the loose, weathered, and unconsolidated layer of broken rock, mineral fragments, and dust that covers the solid bedrock
What are large boulders moved by glaciation called
erratic
What is a geyser
A geyser is a hot spring that periodically erupts, shooting jets of steam and hot water into the air
what 2 factors are required for metamorphism
heat and pressure
What is exfoliation
Sun heats up outer rock during day causing it to expand at night the rock cools and contracts over repeated cycles the outer layer of the rock will weaken and fracture in layers.
List 3 factors that affect the rate of mass movement
Gradient, water content, vegetation, slope material, human activity, tectonic activity
What is the name of the ridge that separates 2 cirques
Arete
What are the 2 types of metamorphism
thermal and regional
What is a tsunami
A tsunami is an ocean wave triggered by large earthquakes that occur near or under the ocean, volcanic eruptions, submarine landslides, or by onshore landslides in which large volumes of debris fall into the water.
In freeze-thaw action what is the name for the eroded pieces of rock that gather at the bottom of a mountain.
Scree
List two ways human activity can influence mass movement
Deforestation, overgrazing, mining & quarrying, undercutting
Name a feature of glacial deposition
morraines, erratics, drumlins
What is the most common rock in Ireland
Carboniferous limestone
what is a caldera
A caldera is a large, basin-shaped depression formed when a volcano collapses inward after a major eruption empties its underlying magma chamber
During carbonation calcium carbonate turns into______ which is _______ in water
calcium bicarbonate, soluble
What is the name of the volcano responsible for hitting the town of Armero with a lahar
Nevado Del Ruiz
What are the processes by which glaciers erode
Plucking, abrasion, freeze-thaw action
What is the name of the volcanic island that formed off Iceland in 1963
Surtsey
Name 2 gases emmitted by volcanoes
Carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen halides, methane, helium