Plate Tectonics
What is the supercontinent called that existed about 300 million years ago?
Pangaea
What molten material erupts from a volcano onto the surface?
Lava
What is the name of the crack in the Earth’s crust where earthquakes occur?
Fault
What type of plate boundary is responsible for the formation of fold mountains?
Convergent
What do we call the breaking down of rocks by wind, water, or temperature?
Weathering
What do we call the boundary where two plates move apart?
Divergent
What is the bowl-shaped opening at the top of many volcanoes?
Crater
What is the name of the point on the surface directly above the earthquake's origin?
Epicenter
What is the name of the downward fold in folded rock layers?
Syncline
What is the type of weathering that involves water freezing and expanding in cracks?
Freeze - Thaw
What is the layer of the mantle that tectonic plates float on?
Asthenosphere
What type of volcano has steep sides and explosive eruptions?
Composite Volcanoes (Stratovolcano)
What is the instrument used to record seismic waves?
Seismograph
What is the name of the upward fold in folded rock layers?
Anticline
What type of weathering occurs when chemicals change the composition of rock?
Chemical
What is the process where oceanic plates sink beneath continental plates?
Subduction
What volcanic feature forms when a magma chamber collapses after an eruption?
Caldera
What is the name for the energy waves released by an earthquake?
Seismic
What mountain range was formed by the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates?
Himalayas
What is the term for weathering caused by living organisms like roots or burrowing animals?
Biological
What is the term for the cycle of creation and destruction of crust through plate movement?
Convection
What type of lava flow is smooth and ropy in appearance?
Pahoehoe (Acidic Lava)
What is the zone around the Pacific with frequent earthquakes and volcanoes called?
Ring of Fire
What is the geological term for layers of rock that have been folded under pressure?
Strata
What type of weathering involves repeated heating and cooling of rocks causing them to peel?
Exfoliation