Terms
What is nutrition?
The process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth, based on life stage and body requirements.
What type of animal is a carnivore? Give examples.
Animals that eat an animal-based diet.
➤ Examples: cats, ferrets, amphibians, and reptiles.
What are carbohydrates used for?
➤ They are the primary source of energy for animals.
How much more energy do fats provide than carbohydrates?
➤ About 2 to 2.25 times more energy.
What is a maintenance ration?
➤ Provides the basic nutrients to keep vital body functions working.
What is a nutrient?
A single feed component in a form and at a level that will help support the life of an animal.
What type of animal is an omnivore? Give examples.
Animals that eat both plant and animal-based foods.
➤ Examples: swine, dogs, chickens, and birds.
What elements make up carbohydrates?
➤ Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What are proteins made of?
➤ Amino acids containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur, phosphorus, and iron.
What is a growth ration?
➤ Provides nutrients for increasing the size of bones, muscles, and organs.
What is a ration?
➤ The total amount and kind of feed that an animal is provided during a 24-hour period.
What are roughages?
Feed ingredients with crude fiber levels over 18%.
Name common sources of carbohydrates in animal feed.
➤ Cereal grains such as corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, and sorghum.
What is the function of protein in animal nutrition?
➤ To build body tissues such as muscles, skin, and hair.
What is a production ration?
➤ Supports production of milk, eggs, wool, etc., and is high in protein, calcium, and phosphorus.
What is a diet?
➤ The feed and water that an animal receives.
What are concentrates?
➤ Feed ingredients with crude fiber levels under 18%.
Which grain is the most commonly grown in the United States?
➤ Corn.
List plant and animal sources of protein.
➤ Plant: soybean meal, cottonseed meal, alfalfa meal.
➤ Animal: meat meal, fish meal, dried milk, urea.
What is a reproduction ration?
➤ Used during gestation and lactation; high in protein, minerals, and vitamins to improve conception and offspring health.
What type of animal is a herbivore? Give examples.
Animals that eat a plant-based diet.
➤ Examples: cattle, sheep, goats, horses, rabbits, and mice.
What are supplements? Give an example.
Feed materials added for a specific nutrient or purpose.
➤ Example: molasses improves taste and reduces feed dust.
How do fats and oils differ at body temperature?
➤ Fats are solid; oils are liquid.
Why is water considered the most important nutrient?
➤ It makes up 40–80% of the body, helps dissolve and transport nutrients, and is vital to all body processes.
What is a fattening ration?
What is a work ration? Give examples.
➤fattening: Provides for nutrient storage after other needs are met (used to add body fat).
work:
Provides extra fats and carbohydrates for animals that perform labor.
➤ Examples: police dogs, hunting dogs, ranch horses.