Tibiofemoral Joint
The degrees of freedom of the tibiofemoral joint
What is 2 degrees of freedom (flexion/extension; internal/external rotation)?
The larger facet of the patella
The larger lateral facets aids in preventing subluxation/dislocation of the patella.
The close packed position of the talocrural joint
What is end range dorsiflexion?
This is because the wider anterior talus locks into the mortise.
Motions at subtalar joint
What is pronation and supination?
Articulations of the transverse tarsal joint
What are the talonavicular joint and the calcaneocuboid joint?
The inner 2/3 of the menisci
What is avascular and aneural?
Therefore, the central portion relies on diffusion of synovial fluid, requires intermittent loading, and has a decreased potential for healing.
The implication of patella alta
What is instability?
This is due to the decreased contact with the patellar groove (patella may not articulate with groove in full extension).
The motions of the talocrural joint from primary to tertiary
What is plantarflexion/dorsiflexion, inversion/eversion, abduction/adduction?
Due to the angulation of the joint axis
What are anterior and middle?
Posterior articulation has a separate capsule.
One possible reason for hallux valgus
What is excessive pronation?
The secondary restraint of the MCL
What is anterior tibial translation and tibial ER in absence of ACL?
Therefore, MCL injury will increase the load on ACL and ACL injury will increase load on MCL.
The direction of apex for medial rotation of patella
What is medially?
The joint axis of the talocrural joint
The strongest subtalar ligament
What is the cervical ligament?
Runs from the neck of the talus to neck of calcaneus & anterior in tarsal canal.
The compensations with a pronation twist
What is plantarflexion, eversion, and abduction of the 1st and 2nd rays and dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction of 4th and 5th rays?
Plantarflexion, eversion, and abduction are the motions of pronation.
The shift in tension due to genu valgum
What is more tension laterally?
This is due to the weight bearing line being moved laterally.
The portions of the patella articulating during deep knee flexion
What are the extreme medial and lateral sides?
The stress test for ATFL
What is inversion in plantarflexion?
This produces the most tension on the ATFL
What is posteriorly roll and glide in same direction (concave talus on calcaneus) and anteriorly roll and glide in opposite directions (convex talus on concave calcaneus)?
Create a screw-like motion around an oblique axis
The muscle with the most consistent and strongest function in MLA support
What is the posterior tibialis?
The screw-home mechanism in WB knee extension
What is femoral medial rotation?
In open chain extension, the tibia externally rotates 5-10º, so in closed chain, the femur moves in the opposite direction on the tibia.
6 factors that influence Q-angle and stability
What is increased width of pelvis, increased femoral anteversion, increased knee valgus, tight IT band, increased tibioemoral ER, increased pronation, increased laxity of retinaculum, decreased movement coordination of hip ankle and foot (possible answers)?
The normal degree of tibial torsion
What is 19º lateral tibial torsion?
WB pronation
What is calcaneal eversion, talar adduction, talar plantarflexion?
NWB is calcaneal eversion, calcaneal abduction, calcaneal dorsiflexion
ER of the tibia leads to...
What is STJ supination and ultimate TTJ supination?
Initially, the TTJ pronates, but with increased STJ supination, the TTJ supinates and locks the foot, decreasing its ability to adapt.