Doppler Decisions
This Doppler-based calculation uses TR velocity and estimated RA pressure.
What is RVSP?
A dilated IVC with poor collapse suggests elevated pressure in this chamber.
What is the right atrium?
This prosthetic valve issue occurs when the effective orifice area is too small for the patient’s body size.
What is patient-prosthetic mismatch?
This cardiomyopathy is characterized by LV dilation and reduced systolic function.
What is dilated cardiomyopathy?
A PFO can be confused with this true atrial septal defect.
What is an ASD?
A reduced E wave, increased A wave, and E/A ratio < 1 usually suggests this filling pattern.
What is impaired relaxation / Grade I diastolic dysfunction?
This LV shape in parasternal short-axis suggests RV pressure overload.
What is a D-shaped LV?
These artifacts commonly make prosthetic valve imaging challenging.
What are shadowing and reverberation?
HCM is generally defined by unexplained LV wall thickness of at least this measurement.
What is 15 mm / 1.5 cm?
This ASD type is most common and located near the fossa ovalis.
What is ostium secundum ASD?
This unitless ratio helps evaluate prosthetic aortic valve function without measuring LVOT diameter.
What is DVI / Doppler Velocity Index?
Pulmonary hypertension is defined by right heart catheterization as mean pulmonary artery pressure greater than this value at rest.
What is > 20 mmHg?
This mitral prosthetic valve measurement can be falsely elevated with tachycardia.
What is mean mitral gradient?
Systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve can obstruct this area.
What is the LVOT?
A pericardial effusion usually tapers before this structure, while pleural effusion may extend posterior to it.
What is the descending aorta?
This timing measurement goes from onset of aortic flow to peak aortic velocity and may increase with prosthetic AV obstruction.
What is acceleration time?
RA collapse, RV diastolic collapse, effusion, and plethoric IVC suggest this emergency condition.
What is cardiac tamponade?
A rocking prosthetic valve raises concern for this complication.
What is dehiscence?
This cardiomyopathy may show apical ballooning and mimic myocardial infarction.
What is Takotsubo cardiomyopathy?
GLS is normally reported as this type of number because the LV shortens during systole.
What is a negative number?
This pulmonary vein Doppler finding supports severe mitral regurgitation.
What is systolic flow reversal?
This term describes the RV no longer keeping up with high pulmonary artery pressure.
What is RV–PA uncoupling?
This prosthetic valve abnormality is more likely than pannus to be treated medically depending on clinical context.
What is thrombus?
Thickened myocardium, restrictive filling, biatrial enlargement, and abnormal strain may suggest this infiltrative disease.
What is cardiac amyloidosis?
Anthracyclines and trastuzumab are monitored with EF and GLS because of this risk.
What is cardiotoxicity?