Vocab
A scientist who studies past human life by examining artifacts.
Who is an archaeologist?
The Neolithic Revolution refers to the invention of tools.
False (it refers to the start of farming).
What is one way archaeologists learn about the past?
By studying artifacts like tools and pottery.
Why were river valleys good for farming?
Fertile soil from floods.
The shift from hunting and gathering to farming.
What is the Neolithic Revolution?
Which is a primary source? A. Textbook B. Journal entry C. Biography D. Documentary
B. Journal entry
Name one major change when humans started farming.
Permanent settlements or food surplus.
How did farming change daily life compared to hunting-gathering?
Allowed permanent settlements and population growth.
Wedge-shaped writing invented by the Sumerians.
What is cuneiform?
Which factor most contributed to the rise of Sumerian city-states?
Fertile rivers and soil
What innovation allowed Mesopotamians to store and transport surplus crops?
Irrigation systems and granaries.
Name two features of a civilization.
Cities, government, social classes, writing, art, religion.
An independent city with its own government and surrounding land.
What is a city-state?
The main writing system of ancient Sumer is called:
Cuneiform
What type of source is a textbook?
Secondary source.
Why do historians study both primary and secondary sources?
To get multiple perspectives and confirm evidence.
A large political unit that controls many peoples and territories.
What is an empire?
An empire differs from a city-state because it:
Rules over multiple peoples and territories
How did the Babylon empire rise and fall?
Babylon rose under Hammurabi, fell due to invasions.
Why did civilizations first emerge in river valleys like Mesopotamia?
Fertile soil, irrigation, surplus food, trade, need for organized government.