True or false
A gene mutation is a temporary alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene
False
100
What is genetic drift?
A change in allele frequency which is due to chance.
100
What is non-Random mating?
Non-Random mating refers to the selection of a mate with a specific phenotype
100
True of False
If populations are small, migration may have a small impact on allele frequency.
False
100
Which naturalist formulated the ideas of natural selection?
Charles Darwin
200
Does allele frequency change due to somatic or germline mutations?
Germline mutations
200
State the disadvantage of the founder's effect.
• Limits genetic diversity
• Increases inbreeding
200
How does a population reach a state of Hardy-Weinberg's Equilibrium?
This equilibrium is achieved when the amount of a specific allele in a population remain constant.
200
Define the term migration of alleles
The flow of Alleles from one population to another when animals migrate and begin to interbreed in new localities or when there is deliberate crossing of breeds.
200
How does natural selection change allele frequency?
Certain genetic traits can become concentrated and amplified.
300
Let’s say Brown eyes (B) is dominant in a population and blue eyes (b) is recessive. If a man with homozygous brown eyes (BB) prefers to mate with females who have brown eyes (BB/Bb). Which allele frequency will increase?
the presence of the ‘B’ allele in the population increases while the presence of the ‘b’ allele doesn’t.
300
What is a gene pool?
sum of a population's genetic material at a given time
or
the stock of different genes in an interbreeding population.
300
Define the term natural selection
a natural process that results in the survival and reproductive success of individuals or groups best adjusted to their environment and that leads to the perpetuation of genetic qualities best suited to that particular environment.
400
Define the term Gene Mutation
A gene mutation is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene.
400
Differentiate between the bottle neck effect and the founders effect.
Bottle neck effect- when population size is sharply reduced due to natural disaster
Founders effect- when a small group splits off the main population to form a new colony
400
How does non-random mating affect allele frequency?
Once this is done, inevitably, specific genotypes will be selected over others. As this selected mating occurs, the amount of that given allele in the population will increase while the other alleles decrease.
400
Outline and define 5 factors that lead to a change in allele frequency.
Mutation:a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene.
Natural selection:a natural process that results in the survival and reproductive success of individuals or groups best adjusted to their environment and that leads to the perpetuation of genetic qualities best suited to that particular environment
Non-random mating: the selection of a mate with a specific phenotype.
Allele migration:flow of alleles from one population to another when animals migrate and begin to interbreed in new localities or when there is deliberate crossing of breeds
Genetic drift: a process in which allele frequencies within a population change by chance alone as a result of sampling error from generation to generation.
400
How is Allele frequency calculated?
An allele frequency is calculated by dividing the number of times the allele of interest is observed in a population by the total number of copies of all the alleles in the population.