Argument
is a piece of reasoning with one or more premises and a conclusion.
What term claims two situations are highly similar when they aren't?
Bad analogy
Latin for "against the man". Personally attacking your opponents instead of their
arguments. It is an argument that appeals to emotion rather than reason, feeling rather than
intellect.
Ad hominem
Not every argument is fully expressed. Sometimes premises or even conclusions are left unexpressed.
Unstated premises
the end result of the argument – the main point being made.
Conclusion
An argument is valid if the conclusion logically follows from the premises.
Valid argument
Accepting at least part or all of an opposing viewpoint.
Concession
The claim that because somebody famous supports an idea, the idea must be right.
Appeal to authority
Assuming that because two things happened, the first one caused the second one.
False cause
Statements offered as reasons to support a conclusion are premises.
Premises
the line of reasoning from the premises to the conclusion is valid. Second, that the premises are true. What type of argument is this known as?
Sound argument
_____ occurs when one asserts two mutually exclusive propositions
Contradiction
The claim, as evidence for an idea, that many people believe it, or used to believe it, or do it.
Appeal to the bandwagon
An if-then statement and consists of two parts, an antecedent and a consequent.
Conditional Statement
Using Logic to Convince Your Audience.
Ex: Statistical data in a research paper.
What is Logos?
an attractive but unreliable piece of reasoning.
Fallacy
an example that runs counter to (opposes) a generalization, thus falsifying it.
Counterexample
An attempt to replace a logical argument with an appeal to the audience’s emotions.
Appeal to emotion
The assumption that once started, a situation will continue to its most extreme possible outcome.
Slippery Slope
Ex: Presidential speeches
What is Ethos?
An argument in which it is thought that the premises provide reasons supporting the probable truth of the conclusion.
An argument in which it is thought that the premises provide a guarantee of the truth of the conclusion.
Inductive argument
Deductive argument
an invalid argument
Non Sequitur
What are pathos, logos, and ethos an example of?
Artistotle's Appeals
A generalization based on too little or unrepresentative data.
Hasty generalization
Using as evidence a well-known saying, as if it is proven, or as if it has no exceptions.
Cliche thinking