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100
  • Explain the condition of myopia.

Elongated eye, nearsightedness.

100
  • Where are tears produced and what gland is responsible?

Lacrimal gland.

100
  • Where do the extrinsic eye muscles attach?

Attach to the sclera up the eye.

100
  • What is the function of the auditory (Eustachian) tube?

Equalizes pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere.

100
  • Define and give an example of an exteroreceptor.

Detects external stimuli, touch, or temperature.

200
  • What is significant about the fovea centralis?

Has the highest concentration of cones.

200
  • Which cranial nerves carry only afferent signals?

CN I Olfactory, CN II Optic, CN VIII Vestibulocochlear

200
  • What fluid is produced by the ciliary body and what is its function?

Aqueous humor, this fluid nourishes the eye and maintains pressure.

200
  • What is anosmia and which nerve damage causes it?

The loss of the sense of smell, CN I Olfactory.

200
  • Which cranial nerve controls facial expressions?

CN VII Facial.

300
  • Compare and contrast the roles of rods and cones in vision.

Rods are responsible for vision and low light, cones are responsible for color vision, both are found in the retina.

300
  • Classify Pacinian corpuscles and explain their function.

Encapsulated endings, mechanoreceptors.

300
  • Define proprioceptors and give an example.

Detect the position of the body and its parts.

300
  • Which tissue type produces taste buds?

Epithelial tissue.

300
  • Why is the sense of smell unique in terms of thalamic processing?

Smell is a chemoreceptor. Smell bypasses the thalamus and directly reaches the olfactory cortex.

400
  • What is the role of the trigeminal nerve in mastication?

Controls the muscle involved in chewing.

400
  • What is umami taste and what does it detect?

Detects amino acids.

400
  • Explain the function of cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve).

Responsible for hearing and balance.

400
  • Describe the path of light through the eye, starting with the first structure it encounters.

Cornea, aqueous humor, pupil, lens, retina.

400
  • Which type of signals are carried by cranial nerve X (vagus nerve)?

CN X Vagus nerve is afferent and efferent signals.

500
  • How does pitch perception relate to location in the cochlea?

High frequencies sounds are detected at the base of the cochlear, low frequencies ae detected at  the apex of the cochlear, waves are amplified by the stapes pushing directly to  the oval window.

500
  • Explain how the tympanic membrane divides the ear.

Divides the outer ear from the middle ear.

500
  • What is the role of the glossopharyngeal nerve in taste?

Posterior taste of the tongue.

500
  • List of three characteristics of olfactory neurons.

They can be replaced, connect to olfactory hairs, and end at the nasal epithelial.

500
  • What is the function of the olfactory nerve?

Smell.

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