Colonial Life & Conflict
What was the main cash crop of Jamestown, Virginia?
Tobacco
Pamphlet by Thomas Paine (1776) urging independence from Britain
Common Sense
1790s political party led by Alexander Hamilton that favored a strong central government and commercial economy.
Federalists
Name an invention that revolutionized transportation in the early republic.
Steamboat
Labor system where a person agreed to work for a set number of years in exchange for passage, room, and board.
Indentured Servitude (servants)
Commander-in-chief of the Continental Army
George Washington
1794 Rebellion against federal tax on distilled spirits, suppressed by Washington to show federal authority.
Whiskey Tax
1830 law/act that led to the Native American tribes to lands west of the Mississippi.
Indian Removal Act
Labor system in the Chesapeake where landowners granted headrights—land parcels—to settlers who paid their own passage.
Headright System
1765 British tax on printed materials that sparked widespread colonial protests and boycotts.
Stamp Act
1803 purchase that doubled U.S. territory, acquired from France.
Louisiana Purchase
19th Century movement called for the end of alcohol consumption?
Temperance Movement
Acts that required colonial trade to be carried on English or colonial ships and goods to pass through England.
Navigation Acts
Political and intellectual movement arguing that government derives its power from the consent of the governed; influenced colonial leaders.
The Enlightenment
Supreme Court case (1803) that established the principle of judicial review.
Marbury v. Madison
1825 waterway project connecting the Great Lakes to the Atlantic and transforming New York into a commercial hub.
Erie Canal
Economic theory and policy where colonies existed to benefit the mother country, supplying raw materials and buying finished goods.
Mercantile System
Event where colonial delegates debated ratification and drafted the Bill of Rights to address Anti‑Federalist concerns.
Constitutional Convention
foreign policy principle asserted in 1823 warning European powers against further colonization or interference in the Americas."
Monroe Doctrine
1846–1848 conflict that resulted in massive territorial gains for the United States and intensified debates over slavery’s expansion
Mexican-American War/Annexation of Texas