Esophageal
Dilated veins in the lower esophagus commonly caused by portal hypertension.
Answer: What are esophageal varices?
This bacterium is responsible for many gastric and duodenal ulcers.
What is Helicobacter pylori?
An abnormal connection between the aorta and this body system defines an aortoenteric fistula.
What is the gastrointestinal tract?
This type of shock results from a significant loss of circulating blood volume.
What is hypovolemic shock?
This chronic liver disease is the most common cause of portal hypertension leading to varices.
What is cirrhosis?
This class of medications is strongly associated with peptic ulcer formation.
What are NSAIDs?
A history of this vascular surgery is a major risk factor for secondary aortoenteric fistula.
What is abdominal aortic aneurysm repair?
One of the earliest physiologic responses to hypovolemia is an increase in this vital sign
What is heart rate (tachycardia)?
A patient with bleeding varices may present with this dramatic symptom.
What is hematemesis?
Ulcers located in this portion of the GI tract are more common than gastric ulcers.
This small warning bleed often precedes catastrophic hemorrhage.
What is a herald bleed?
Cool, pale, clammy skin results from this compensatory mechanism.
What is peripheral vasoconstriction?
This medication is commonly administered to reduce portal venous pressure during acute variceal bleeding.
What is octreotide?
A sudden onset of severe abdominal pain and rigid abdomen may indicate this ulcer complication.
What is perforation?
Massive GI bleeding in a patient with a previous aortic graft should raise concern for this diagnosis.
What is an aortoenteric fistula?
This type of IV fluid is typically administered first during volume resuscitation.
What is isotonic crystalloid solution?
This endoscopic procedure is considered first-line treatment for actively bleeding Esophageal varices.
What is endoscopic band ligation?
The standard eradication therapy for H. pylori includes a proton pump inhibitor and these two antibiotics.
What are clarithromycin and amoxicillin? (or equivalent accepted regimen)
This is the definitive treatment for an aortoenteric fistula.
What is emergent surgical repair?
A patient with ongoing hemorrhage and hypotension despite fluids may require activation of this protocol.
What is a mass transfusion protocol?