Principles of Infection
Approximately what percent of hospitalized patients develop a health care–associated infection?
4%
What does BVM stand for?
Bag-valve-mask
What term is used to describe difficult breathing in the reclining position?
Orthopnea
What is the primary purpose of the respiratory system?
Absorption of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide
The primary goal of acid-base homeostasis is to maintain what?
Normal pH
What is the most common route of pathogen transmission in the hospital setting?
Indirect contact transmission
What is the rate of compressions for adults, children, and infants?
100 to 120 per minute
What term is used to describe shortness of breath in the upright position?
Platypnea
By what mechanism does gas exchange across the lung occur?
Simple diffusion
What is the normal arterial blood pH range?
7.35 to 7.45
What is the first step in equipment processing for reuse on another patient?
Cleaning the equipment
You are preparing to deliver ventilations to an adult patient experiencing respiratory arrest. How often do you give 1 ventilation?
Every 6 seconds
What is the most common cause of jugular venous distention (JVD)?
Right-sided heart failure
What is the name of the thin serous membrane that covers the inner layer of the thoracic wall?
Parietal pleura
Which organ system excretes H+ from the body?
Kidneys
How should reusable metal laryngoscope blades be cleaned?
Steam sterilization
Should compressions be paused to give breaths to an intubated patient?
No (for intubated patients give 1 breath every 6 seconds without pausing compressions)
What is peripheral cyanosis a sign of?
Inadequate tissue perfusion.
Where are the intercostal arteries, veins, and nerves found?
Costal groove below each rib
The sweat chloride level is used to diagnose which of the following disorders?
Cystic fibrosis
How often should ventilator circuits be changed for infection control purposes?
They should not be routinely changed.
When performing CPR if the patient begins to move and breath what is the course of action?
Stop CPR, check for breathing and pulse, and monitor the patient
What breathing pattern is associated with diabetic ketoacidosis?
Kussmaul breathing
What is the name of the negative feedback reflex associated with the termination of inspiration?
Hering-Breuer inflation reflex
What is the most common cause of respiratory alkalosis?
Hypoxemia