Carbohydrates
What are the three subunits of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
What is the subunit of proteins?
amino acids
What are the three classes of lipids?
Sterols, Phospholipids and Triglycerides
What are the macronutrients?
Fats, Proteins, and Carbohydrates
Micronutrients include?
Vitamins and Minerals
What is the most abundant simple CHO in nature?
Glucose
What is transamination?
The transfer of the nitrogen group from one amino acid to another compound to form a nonessential amino acid
What is the structure of a triglyceride?
Glycerol and three fatty acid chains
Macronutrients need to be consumed in what type of quantity?
Large Quantities
In what amounts should micronutrients be consumed?
Small Amounts
Body's storage form of carbohydrate?
Glycogen
What is recommended for vegans and vegetarians for protein consumption?
10% more grams of protein than the preceding recommendations
What are the 5 classes of lipoproteins?
Chlyomicrons, VLDL's, IDL's, LDL's and HDL's
AMDR for macronutrients
Fat: 20%-35%
Carbs: 45%-65%
Protein: 10%-35%
What is the purpose of vitamins?
To help breakdown Macronutrients
What ranks carbohydrates based on their blood glucose response?
Glycemic load
What is the main function of taking Whey protein?
Stimulates muscle protein synthesis
What is the difference between saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids when it comes to its structures?
Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds and unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds
What do macronutrients do?
They provide energy to the body
Fat-soluble vitamins
Vitamin A, D, E, K
What is the General Carbohydrate Recommendation according to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and the American College of Sports Medicine?
6 to 10 g/kg (2.7 to 4.5 g/lb)
What are the 9 Essential Amino Acids?
Phenylalanine, Valine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Isoleucine, Methionine, Histidine, Leucine and Lysine
What two essential fatty acids come from PUFAs?
Omega-3 fatty acid and Omega-6 fatty acid
kcals/gram for each macronutrient
Carbs: 4 kcals/g
Protein: 4 kcals/g
Fat: 9 kcals/g
Water Soluble Vitamins
Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, folate, vitamin B6 and B12, biotin, vitamin C