Homeostasis & Tissues
What is the definition of homeostasis?
Biochemical mechanisms used by body components to maintain the balance of internal environments.
What is the charge of a proton, neutron, and electron?
Electrons – negative charge
Protons – positive charge
Neutrons – neutral (no charge)
What's the function of ribosomes?
Involved in protein synthesis
What does it mean if something is “aerobic”?
It requires oxygen
Which molecules can and cannot easily pass through the plasma membrane?
Easy- Small hydrophobic / non polar molecules
Hard- Large or/and polar molecules
What is a negative feedback loop? What is an example?
Drives parameter back to the set point.
Examples- body temperature regulation and control of blood glucose
What is the difference between a covalent and ionic bond?
Covalent – electrons are shared
Ionic – electrons are transferred
What does selectively permeable mean in regard to the plasma membrane?
Selectively permeable – chemical properties set
mechanisms to regulate transport inside and outside of the cell
What is activation energy?
The amount of energy necessary to carry out a chemical reaction
What is a concentration gradient?
Difference in substance concentration across a membrane
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
What is the difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?
dehydration synthesis- form bonds
hydrolysis - make bonds
What's the function of a lysosome?
Host digestive enzymes that breakdown phagocytized material & recycle cell components
What factors effect optimal conditions for enzymes?
pH, Temperature, Concentration of cofactors or coenzymes
What is the difference between transcription and translation?
In protein synthesis, "transcription" refers to the process of copying genetic information from DNA into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, while "translation" is the process of using that mRNA sequence to assemble amino acids into a protein chain
Exocrine glands secrete/excrete materials to the
____ environment. Endocrine secretes material to the ____ environment.
external, internal
What is a buffer? Give a common example of a buffer.
Buffers – family of molecules and ions that can resist drastic changes in pH.
Example- Bicarbonate
What are the phases of mitosis?
• Prophase P
• Metaphase M
• Anaphase A
• Telophase T
Reduction – electrons are gained
Oxidation – electrons are lost
What is DNA polymerase for?
- Unwinding DNA
- stabilizing unwound DNA
- Promoting DNA nucleotide base pairing (T&A and C&G)
What are antagonistic factors? Provide an example.
Relationship between two components in a feedback loop where one component opposes the function of the other.
Ex. Insulin and glucagon have opposite effects on blood glucose.
What must the body do in the absence of glucose?
In the absence of glucose, the body must
rely on alternative energy sources (ex. glycogen, fats, proteins)
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Produces chemical energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
What are the substrates of glycolysis?
Glucose, 2 ATP (energy investment)
Explain secondary active transport and give an example.
A molecule is moved against its concentration gradient by utilizing the energy stored in an existing electrochemical gradient of another molecule
Ex. sodium ions (Na+) moving down its gradient to bring glucose into the cell