shunts
what is a common symptom of an ASD
jugular vein distension
what echo view is used to differentiate pleural and pericardial effusion
plax
normal CO is
4- 8 L/min
brenoulli equation
p= 4V2
used to calculate the pressure gradient at a valve
papillary fibroelastomas typically form on the ?
valve leaflets/ support structures
what view is best to evaluate the atrial septum
subcostal
what normal structure is most likely to cause a false positive diagnosis of pericardial effusion
epicardial fat pad
normal EF
men 52-72 %
women 54-74 %
SV
SV= CSA* VTI *100
a myxoma in the LA mimics what other cardiac finding?
mitral stenosis
name all types of ASDs
septum secundum
septum primum
sinus venosus
coronary sinus defects
define and describe cardiac tamponade
rapid collection of pericardial fluid causing significant pressure build up outside the heart and restricts diastolic filling.
intrapericardial pressure exceeds the diastolic pressure in the chambers
normal AVA
3-4 cm2
CO
SV*HR
the majority of myxomas form in the?
LA
what type of defect can be repaired with amplatzer
name the 3 parts of beck's triad
IJV distension
hyoptension
muffled heart sound
IVC normmal size
<2.1 cm
MVA
MVA= 220/ P 1/2 time
list 3 echo findings with myocarditis
LV systolic dysfunction
wall thickening in the affected area
small pericardial effusion
what increases the number of mircobubbles crossing the atrial septum during a saline contrast exam
ask the patient to cough
what doppler setting should be decreased to properly show respiratory variation in MV flow
sweep speed
severe AS
<1.0 cm2
fractional shortening formula
LVd-LVs
FS= _____________ *100
LVd
vegetation formation occurs most frequently on the ?
mitral valve