Bonding & Change
What are compounds?
Two or more different elements chemically bonded together
What are the two of the acids' names?
Hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, ascorbic acid, carbonic acid…
What are indicators
Indicators are type of substance that distinguishes if a chemical is acid, base, or neutral
Definition of chemical equation
Using the chemical formula and symbols to describe the reaction
What is a chemical reaction?
The change when two or more chemicals meet
What are electrons?
They have negative charges, they are in the outer shells
Definition of Bases.
Break down and release OH- ions when dissolved in water
Range of pH level of acid, bases, and neutral
Acid: 1 ~ 6
Neutral: 7
Base: 8 ~14
What are the reactants and products, coefficients, and chemical formulas in the given equation: 2Mg + O2 = 2MgO
Reactant: Mg, O
Products: MgO
Coefficient: 2, 1, 2
Chemical formula: Mg + O = MgO
Definition of synthesis
Two or more substances form a complex substance
What kind of elements don’t bond and why don’t they bond together?
Elements that have full shells
What are the common properties of bases? (three examples)
Taste bitter, Feel slippery on the skin, Turn litmus paper blue
What is neutralization that is used for stomach acid
Indigestion tablets
What is the law of conservation?
The total mass of the reactant is congruent to the mass of the products
Definition of decomposition
When 1 substance breaks down into 2 or simpler substances
What are the 2 types of bonding and what do they do?
Ionic bonding and Covalent bonding
Ionic bonding - Form between metals and nonmetals
Covalent bonding - Form between two nonmetals
What are the strong acids and weak acids differences
strong acids: fully dissociate, releasing many H+ ions.
Weak acids: partially dissociate, releasing fewer H+ ions.
Usage of neutralization and why is it important
Farming; every plant has an appropriate pH level for its soil which affect their productivity
All three methods for balancing chemical equations & description
Order MeNOH: Metal, Non-metal, Oxygen, Hydrogen
Even Steven: Make the total number of an element even
Keep it simple: Divided the coefficient with the least common multiple
What is the difference between single and double displacement?
One uncombined element replacing another element in a compound is single displacement and when 2 compounds switch partners is double displacement
What is an example of Ionic bonding and Covalent bonding?
Ionic - Fertilizer, tooth paste, bone materials, …
Covalent - Stomach acid, natural gas, table sugar, rubbing alcohol, …
What are common properties of acids (three examples)
Taste sour, Feel pain on the skin, Turn litmus paper red
Two examples of indicators
Universal indicator, litmus paper
Balance the given equation and add all the coefficients:
___Ca3(PO4)2 + ___SiO2 + ___C → ___CaSiO3 + ___CO + ___P
Ca3(PO4)2 + 3SiO2 + 5C → 3CaSiO3 + 5CO + 2P hence the answer is 19
Example of combustion (Methane: CH4)
CH4 + 2O2 = CO2 + 2H2O + thermal energy