People
This Panama engineer echoed Gaillard's sentiment on natives, standing that "undersiable" people did not belong there.
S.B. Williamson
What main period took place during 1907-1912?
Second period
Who was the main party involved with the US involvement in Panama and the impact of their involvement?
The ICC and their impact of changing landscapes and communities.
Name the political ideology already exercised in nineteenth-century Colombia/Panama that emphasizes the importance of a republic—a form of government where power resides in elected representatives and the people, rather than a monarchy or dictatorship.
Republicanism
This U.S. Army engineer, in charge of the central division, played a crucial role in the construction of the Panama Canal and opposed native settlement.
David D. Gaillard
What act was initiated in 1904 that reorganized governance of municipalities?
The 1904 Municipal Government Act
Who was involved in hiring gangs to vandalize and disrupt certain areas of the zone for sanitary purposes?
William C. Gorgas
Name the process through which people or places have their local customs, systems, and interests disregarded and transformed to be deemed incapable of autonomy and needing foreign intervention and control.
Nativization
Who were the first governors of the Zone?
Charles Magoon and George Davis Zone with a background working in Puerto Rico and the Philippines.
In 1911 what did the ICC do to residents of La Boca?
Displace the native residents and relocate them.
What major action did the ICC do in 1907?
Eliminate municpalities in the Zone
What were the local administrative divisions that were responsible for managing local affairs such as infrastructure, law enforcement, education, and public services called before they were transformed into “native towns”?
Municipalities
Who defended the rights and autonomy of Zone municipalities for a brief but significant moment?
Rafael Neira
When was the Executive Order issued by President Taft to depopulate the Zone?
December 5, 1912.
How did the ICC complete its goal of creating an ideal urban space in the tropics?
Dispossessing and depopulate three-quarters of the Zone's population
What is the name of the ideology rooted in the belief that Central American nations, perceived as politically unstable or economically underdeveloped, required U.S. intervention, guidance, control, and oversight to maintain order?
Paternalism
Who was the CHIEF engineer of the Canal who believed sanitations were justified of native towns
George W. Goethals
What period of the Zone were Panamanians able to elect and self-govern under American influence?
The first period as it followed the old municipal structure.
Why was the use of titles and terms such as native house or native hut used?
Justified sanitation practices
Name the process through which Panama’s climate and landscape were exoticized to fit the U.S.’s economic and geopolitical objective to control and “civilize” the region.
Tropicalization