HBCU's
What is the divine nine?
The collective nickname for the nine historically Black Greek-letter fraternities and sororities
What was the Harlem Renaissance, and who did it affect?
It was a literary and artistic movement that emphasized Black culture and pride, creating a stronger culture for African Americans
Define Jim Crow Laws and how they took away Black rights
Jim Crow laws limited integration of white and Black people and set Black progress back by limiting rights to vote and enforcing segregation
How did the Freedman's Bureau aid newly freed Blacks during Reconstruction?
What was the primary factor for increased Black Caribbean migration to the US during the first half of the 20th century?
Decline of Caribbean economies
What led to the creation of HCBUs?
Discrimination and segregation in education led African Americans to create their own universities.
How did this go beyond the New Negro Movement's ideology?
It presented a more complex and authentic view of Black life and culture.
Lynching and its effects
The hanging of Black people due to Racist intent causing fear and mistrust
What was the 15th Amendment and how did it progress Balck rights in America
It prohibited the federal government from restricting voting based on race or color, allowing black people to be able to vote
What was a significant factor that drew Afro-Caribbean immigrants to US cities like New York and Miami?
The factor that drew them was the perception of greater access to higher wages and expanded educational opportunities.
How did the second Morrill Act help the development of HBCU's
It required states to admit Black Students to existing land-grant colleges or create separate institutions for Black students, which helped establish 18 HBCUs.
Harlem became the capital of Black Culture and Activism in the US, promoting what?
Jazz Music, Blues, Gospel, Theater and film, and Photography
What was the Red Summer?
The summer that included events such as the flu epidemic, competitions for jobs, and racism created an incentive to commit hate crimes against Black communities.
How does the Portrait of five African American legislators in Congress show progress?
It shows that African Americans can hold power in office and that they are gaining rights.
Afro-Caribbean migrants introduced new religious practices into U.S. Black communities, which included what religions?
Catholic, Anglican, and syncretic faiths like Voodoo
What was the "Divine Nine" and how did it play a role in modern Black history?
It was the 9 BGLOs (fraternities and sororities) that were founded due to segregation in colleges and provided mentorship and leadership opportunities. Many modern Black figures, like Kamala Harris and MLK Jr. pledged to these.
What was going on during the time period leading up to the Harlem Renaissance, and what was its impact?
In the early 20th century, there were many movements to achieve political equality and embrace Black culture through art and literature, such as the New Negro Movement.
What Forms of retaliation were used during the time period of the Red Summer and Jim Crow?
Protests and trolley boycotts, using writers to challenge the ideas of the Jim Crow laws, and gathering supporters to fight for their rights.
What were some strategies that White Supremacists used to maintain their concept of superiority over Blacks?
Sharecropping, poll taxes, convict leasing, literacy tests, and the grandfather clause.
The historical context of the Great Migration of African Americans from the U.S. South to Northern cities and the Afro-Caribbean Migration to the U.S. are related in which ways?
Both of them were mass movements that overlapped in time and destination, leading to the blending of diverse Black cultures in urban centers like New York
How did Black people create their own success during this time period
By creating their own communities/business and making themselves more self-sufficient
How was Jazz a symbol of rebellion and pride through culture.
It was a very expressive Black art form that was popularized, and through its unique styles, jazz rejected white expectations of "proper" music and became a cultural declaration of pride.
What was the significance of the Tulsa Massacre?
Destroyed more than 1,250 homes and Black owned businesses on “Black Wall Street”, which was considered one of the most influential African American communities in the United States
How did the views of President Johnson and the Freedman's Bureau on Reconstruction differ?
President Johnson was a white supremacist who wanted to keep whites above blacks, while the Bureau wanted to give aid and progress in black rights.
One major difference between U.S.-born African Americans and Afro-Caribbean immigrants during the early 20th century was their experience with…
The language barrier, as many Afro-Caribbeans spoke Creole languages or Spanish/French as their primary language. This language difference was a significant factor in how the two groups interacted with the wider U.S. society and each other.