Cell Facts & Vocab
Plant cells tend to be ______ (shape) while human and animal cells tend to be _______ (shape)
Square
Round/oval/oblong
Chlorophyll
Phase 1, where the DNA reproduces itself inside one cell
Prophase
The term for DNA sequences that contain the "code" for individual traits and proteins (what makes you YOU)
Gene
The process of a cell splitting into exact copies of itself
Cellular Reproduction (or cellular division)
The process in which plants create glucose (their own food)
Photosynthesis
Phase 2, where the chromosomes lines up in the center of the cell and spindle fibers attach to them
Metaphase
The number of chromosomes a human body contains ______ (this includes ____ coming from each parent)
46
23
The outer casing of a cell that holds the cell and it's organelles together
Cell Membrane
What plants need to survive (3 things)
Sunlight, water, nutrients
Phase 3, where the spindle fibers pull apart or separate the chromatids and the cell stretches
Anaphase
Describe the scientific different between asexual and sexual reproduction
Asexual- happens when one organism reproduces alone (a single cell with ONE set of DNA splits), as in plants and other bacteria
Sexual- happens when a male and female organism combine their genes to create offspring (two sets of DNA go through the cellular reproduction), as in humans and animals
The central "brain" of the cell (usually the most visible part under a microscope)
Nucleus
The chemical PRODUCED by plants which they give off during photosynthesis, helping human/animal life exist
Oxygen
Phase 4, where each set of chromatids is enveloped in its own nucleus
Telophase
Explain how humans who are genetically related can have different physical features
Alleles interact randomly during cellular reproduction and this affects which sets of chromosomes combined and/or shared information with each other, and ultimately how they were separated before multiplying
The different bits or parts contained within a cell
Organelle
The chemical PRODUCED by human/animals which they give off during respiration (breathing) and is necessary for plant life to exist
Carbon Dioxide
Phase 5, where the cell pinches down the middle and splits into two cells (completing the cellular replication cycle)
Cytokinesis
What happens if the chromosomes in human reproduction do not replicate properly (resulting in fewer than 46 total chromosomes)
Or this may result in chromosomal differences such as Downs Syndrome