searches
conducted by government officials to determine if any governement rules and regulations have been violated
under the 4th amendment, the "seizure" of a person occurs wehn police restrain this either physically or through showing authority
what is a persons freedom of movement
This case determined the distinctions between the need for an administrative search warrant versus a criminal search warrant, also discussing those needs
What is michigan v. clifford
right to be let alone
what is privacy
this is required to issue a search or arrest warrant
what is probable cause
searches and seizures can only be made with a warrant
What is the General rule
police can temporarily seize this item if they have reasonable suspicion it contains weapons or is dangerous
what is a vehicle
This case says that a search can occur in any place where a person has a reasonable expectation of privacy.
what is Katz v. United States
continued search without a justification with the outcome of evidence becoming illegal
this warrant is issued when a person fails to appear in court when ordered
what is a bench warrant
A written order issues by a magistrate directing an officer to search property related to offense and bring evidence to court
What is a search warrant
a type of seizure that occurs when the police use their authority so that a reasonable person would not feel free to leave
what is a show of authority seizure
this case established that anticipatory search warrants are valid.
What is United States v. Grubbs
consent obtained without hte use of force, duress, or coersion.
What is voluntary consent
a series of expectations for warrantless search requirments
what is special need exceptions
an emergency requiring immediate intervention of an officer and making the process of gettting a warrant impractical
what is exigent circumstances
property is considered seized when officers meaningfully interfere with this right
what is an individuals possessionary interest
this case said a seizure occurs when there is a meaningful interference with an individuals possessionary interest in the property seized
What is Maryland v. McComb
what are rights derived from other rights such as the fourth amendment refered to as?
this warrant allows an officer to enter a location without announcing themselves to prevent possible destruction of evidence
what is a no knock warrant
A type of search that is require to be made at the time or close to the time of the arrest
what is a contemperous search
evidence found during this kind of inventory procedure is done after impounding a vehicle is considered lawful if the officers follow standard protocol
what is an inventory search
This case led to the court determining the validity of a warrant must be judged in light of the information known to the officer at the time the warrant was getting requested
What is Maryland v. Garrison
A rule that allows officers to continue to search the arrestees immediate area of control after an arrest
this type of warrant allows officers to arrest an individual based on evidence they committed a crime.
what is an arrest warrant