A: Power and Algorithms
Opposite of Coercive Power is _________.
Reward Power
What is the flowchart symbol for decisionmaking?
Rhombus or Diamond
Define Micro-Targeting?
Microtargeting is the practice of using collected personal data—such as demographics, online behavior, and interests—to create and deliver highly personalized messages or advertisements to specific individuals or very small groups. This data-driven technique is employed by businesses for marketing and by political campaigns to influence consumer behavior and voter decisions by crafting messages that resonate with an individual's specific concerns and values.
How many papers do SL students write?
Paper 1 and Paper 2
In 1840, Ada Lovelace wrote the firstcomputer algorithm on ___________
Bernoulli Numbers
An algorithm which is not transparent iscalled as ___________
Blackbox algorithm
Difference between ope-source and proprietary software
In an open source software, the source code is publically available. It means, anyone can view, edit and distribute the software. It is usually free.
Ex: Firefox
A proprietary software is owned by an individual or company and the code is kept secret. Public has to pay for these types of software for which licence is provided.
Ex: Windows OS
What is the IA weightage for SL?
30%
Name any 3 ways of algorithmic representation
Natural Language
Flowchart
Pseudocode
Programming Code
The _________ scandal is one of the mostsignificant cases of data misuse usingfacebook algorithms in recent history,particularly during the 2016 U.S.Presidential Election.
Cambridge Analytica
What is echo chamber?
How does confimation bias promote echo chambers?
An echo chamber is "an environment where a person only encounters information or opinions that reflect and reinforce their own."
People tend to seek out and favor information that confirms their existing beliefs, leading them to engage with content that aligns with their views.
What are assessment objectives in IB?
AOs are the specific skills and knowledge criteria against which a student's performance is measured in examinations.
How does Google's page rank algorithm work?
The PageRank algorithm is a system forranking web pages that uses the quantityand quality of incoming links to calculate ascore from 0 to 10.
The most visited pages are given thehighest score or priority. A damping factoris applied to guage the scores of all pages
Name the 4 components of algorithm
Instructions
Variable
Conditionals
Loops
Identify two ethical concerns related to the use of black-box algorithms
Bias and Discrimation
Lack of public trust
Lack of accountability
2 out of 4 questions needs to be attempted.
Each for 20 marks (6+6+8), making it a total of 40marks for SL
Name any 5 Characteristics of anAlgorithmName any 5 Characteristics of anAlgorithm
Unambiguous
Finite
Well defined
Feasible
Independent
Defined Inputs
Defined Outputs
Name any 5 Types of Algorithms
Search Engine Algorithm
Backtracking
Divide and conquer
Brute force
Sorting
Identify two different ways in which AI algorithms can induce bias?
Bias in Training data that is input
Bias in the working of the model/algorithm itself
Bias due to Past data or historical data being irrelevant or not up to date.
Name atleast 5 pointers for approaching AO3.
Terminology relating to the question is used appropriately
There is a balanced analysis of the impacts
There are the implications of the digital system on the stakeholders
The information from the sources is combined in a logical way
Any comments/opinions in the evaluation are supported/substantiated
Explicit references are made to the 3 Cs
There is a clear structure to the response, for example, an introduction, body, and conclusion
Introduction should include an opening statement to your topic, acknowledging the 2 perspectives that will be analyzed
Body should include sections for advantages and disadvantages, labeled with clear subheadings
Conclusion should summarize the points, as well as include the student’s own opinion on the topic