ear Anatomy
What is the scientific anatomical term for the cartilaginous portion of the ear that is seen on either side of the head?
Pinna or auricle
What is one of the 2 ways the middle ear matches the impedances of the outer and inner ear?
1) lever action of ossicles (malleus longer than incus) 2) difference in size between TM and stapes footplate
What cranial nerve transfers information from the vestibular organs and the cochlea to brainstem?
8th nerve: vestibulocochlear nerve
What are the 3 categories that are used to describe consonants?
1) place 2) voicing 3) manner
What is the source of our speech and what is the filter?
Source: Vocal folds
Filter: Vocal tract
What is one way the outer ear is designed for protection of the TM?
1) produces cerumen
2) s-shaped
3) 1" long
What rocks in and out of the oval window of the cochlea causing the fluid of the inner ear to move in waves?
Stapes footplate
What ear structure allows for extra resonance of high frequency speech sounds?
external auditory canal (ear canal)
What categorization of speech sound has the highest intensity?
Vowels
What causes the VFs to be pulled together?
relatively negative pressure caused by rushing of air through a narrow passageway (Bernoulli effect)
What are the names of the 3 ossicles?
malleus, incus, stapes
What type of energy is being transmitted within the inner ear?
hydraulic energy
What is an example of a conductive hearing loss?
ear wax (cerumen) build up, ear infection, TM perforation, etc
A fricative sound is primarily categorized by what?
an extended period of aperiodic noise
What structure is important for the production of nasal vs non-nasal sounds
velum
What fluid is in the bony labyrinth?
Perilymph
what is the definition of impedance?
The resistance to the flow of energy
What type of hearing loss occurs with the natural process of aging?
sensorineural hearing loss
If a sound is unvoiced, what 2 features is it lacking?
Fo and harmonics
What is Wernicke's area in charge of?
Understanding of speech
What is the name of the structure that is the floor of the organ or corti and is an essential part of the tonotopical properties of the cochlea?
Basilar membrane
How is intensity translated in the cochlea?
Higher intensity stimulates a wider range of hair cells to fire
Why do most right handed people have a right ear advantage?
because most nerves cross over to the contralateral pathways and the left temporal lobe is dominant for speech perception
What would a stop look like on a spectrogram?
A white block
An increase in subglottal pressure increases what 2 things?
Fo and intensity