Colonial New Spain
What was an encomienda?
A labor grant in which the encomendero who was given control over an indigenous community.
Who were the Peninsulares?
People born in Spain but living and ruling Mexico.
What were the Bourbon Reforms?
A system designed to maximize profit collection, ensure that Mexico demanded Spanish goods, and established a new tax system that would be collected by the Peninsulares.
Who was Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla?
A Criollo considered the father of Mexican independence movement.
What was Bullionism?
The belief that true wealth consisted of precious metals such as gold and silver.
What is to acculturate?
To assimilate into another culture.
Who were the Criollos?
People born in Mexico but of Spanish descent.
What did the Criollos believe themselves to be?
They believed to be the true Mexicans, descendants of the conquistadors but linked to the Aztec past by their birth in New Spain.
What was “The Grito de Dolores”?
A speech given by Father Hidalgo to inspire the people to rebel agains Spain.
What happened in the American Revolution?
13 countries banded against King George III. The American Revolution became a model for all Latin American countries.
How did the Encomienda system treat the Indians?
They were overworked, cheated, physically mistreated, and separated from their families.
Who were the Mestizos?
People with a mix of Spanish and Indian blood.
What was mexicanidad?
Criollo celebration of their native culture.
When did Miguel Hidalgo give the “The Grito the Dolores”?
September 16th, 1810
What values did the enlightenment encourage?
The values of liberty, citizenship, freedom and equality.
What is serfdom?
A person in condition of servitude.
How did the Spanish view the Indians?
They called them Gente sin Razón. As lazy, untrustworthy and backward.
What was the enlightenment?
An age of reason and science.
What happened to Miguel Hidalgo after the independence?
He was not able to control his army. He was captured and found guilty of treason.
What is a coup’ d’état?
A sudden attempt by a small group of people to take over the government.
What is to demean?
To lower one’s honor or integrity.
What was the hierarchy of Colonial New Spain?
Peninsulares
Criollos
Mestizos
Indians
Africans
What values did the enlightenment encourage?
The values of liberty, citizenship, freedom and equality.
Who replaced Hidalgo as the leader of the revolution?
José María Morelos y Pavón. He was a mestizo.
What were the Three Guarantees?
Union, Religion and Independence.