Motion & Position
What is the location of an object compared with things around it called?
Position
How do you calculate speed?
Speed = distance ÷ time
A push or pull exerted by one object on another is a…
Force
Which law states: “An object’s velocity can only change by applying a force to it”?
Newton's first law
What is the force of attraction between any two objects with mass?
Gravity
A change in an object’s position is known as…
Motion
What term means “speed in a specific direction”?
Velocity
This force opposes motion when two surfaces slide past each other.
Sliding friction
Which law states: “For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction”?
Newton's third law
The force of gravity between Earth and an object is called…
Weight
What is the length between two points?
Distance
What is the total distance traveled divided by the amount of time?
Average speed
The friction that keeps an object from moving even when a force is applied is…
Static friction
What is the formula for Newton’s 2nd law?
F = m × a (Net force = mass × acceleration)
What are forces that cancel each other out called?
Balanced forces
This term describes an object resisting any change in its motion.
Inertia
What is the change in velocity over time called?
Acceleration
This force acts on objects rolling over a surface and eventually causes them to stop.
Rolling friction
According to the 1st law, what happens to an object if no net force acts on it?
It stays at rest or keeps moving at the same velocity.
What are forces that do NOT cancel out and cause motion?
Unbalanced forces
Which term describes the mass of an object multiplied by its velocity?
Momentum
Give one example that shows why velocity is different from speed.
Example: Two cars may have the same speed, but different directions → different velocities.
This force opposes motion through a liquid or gas.
Drag force
Which law explains why a rocket can launch upward even though its gases push downward?
Newton’s third law (action–reaction)
How are mass and weight different?
Mass = amount of matter
Weight = depends on gravitational pull
Example: Same mass on Earth and Moon; weight is different.