Lesson 1
Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics
Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics
Is a mountain that forms in Earth’s crust when molten material, or magma, reaches the surface
Volcano
Is an area where material from deep within Earth’s mantle rises through the crust and melts to form magma
Hot Spot
Caldera
the hole left when a volcano collapses
Dike
magma that forces itself across rock layers and then it hardens
The mudflow that buried the town of Armero in Colombia
Nevado del Ruiz volcano
Is a molten material mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle
Magma
Is a large underground pool of liquid rock found beneath the surface of the Earth
Magma Chamber
Cinder cone
a cone-shaped hill formed by lava
Sill
magma squeezing between horizontal layers of rock
Where is Mt. Everst?
Asia
The molten, fluid rock that issues from a volcano or volcanic vent.
Lava
A long tube that extends from Earth’s crust up through the top of the volcano
Pipe
Composite volcano
volcano resulting from alternate explosions of ash, cinder, and bombs
Batholith
huge mass of magma cooled inside the crust
Where are the Rocky Mountains?
USA
Is one major belt of volcanos
Ring of Fire
Is an opening, or rupture, in the surface or crust of the Earth
Vent
Shield volcano
gently sloping mountain forms by cooling lava
The history's worst volcanic explosion in the world
The 2010 eruption in Iceland resulted in the largest air-traffic shut-down since World War II, with over 100,000 flights cancelled,
Where are the Alps?
Italy
A curved chain of islands
Island Arc
Is the spread of lava as it pours out of the vent
Lava Flow
Volcanic neck
hardening of magma in a volcano’s pipe and the surrounding rock wears away
What caused the destruction of Pompeii?
the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in Italy.
Where are the Atlas Mountains?
Northern Africa