part 1
part 2
part 3 and Aristotle notes
Everything else
Impossible
100
the primary mode of explanation back then
myths and poems
100
what did Pythagoras ask?
why do things remain what they are
100
who are the last 3 pre-socratics and what did each of them think about what the ultimate principle of the universe was. what did they think about change i.e. how does change occur
Anaxagoras thought the mixing and separating of seeds
Empedocles thought the mixing and separating of the 4 elements _____, _____, ______, and _______
Democritus thought the rearrangement, recombination, or repositioning of atom of different _____ and size (100 bonus points)
100
Chemistry is the study of the ______ cause.
Chemistry is the study of the material cause.
100
the etymology of matter
the latin word "mater" meaning mother
200
what is the word that refers to the universe or the entire physical world.
"Kosmos"
200
the last 3 pre-socratics agreed with Parmenides that being can’t come from non-being true or false
true
200
fill out the chart (draw it)
200
In a change, there is "what is being changed ____, what is being changed ____"{called the ________ and what persists through the change (called the __________)}
In a change, there is "what is being changed from, what is being changed to"{called the terms of the change and what persists through the change (called the underlying)}
200
why did Thales think water is the ultimate material principle of the universe
1) it is traditional 2) it is everywhere 3) it is basic 4) it is essential to life 5) it is fluid so it can take any shape 6) it is a solid, liquid, and gas in our everyday experience of it
300
who are the first 3 pre-socratics and what did each of them think about what the ultimate principle of the universe was. what did each think about the previous person’s idea. what did the last 2 think about change i.e. how does change occur
Thales thought water
Anaximander thought "the indefinite" water has an Opposite, 2 opposites warring for injustice
Anaximenes thought air the "indefinite" isn’t very specific, through rarity and density
Bonus: what is the indefinite (50-100 points)
300
who are the 2nd 3 pre-socratics and what did each of them think about what the ultimate principle of the universe was (except the 3rd guy) . what did the they think about change i.e. how does change occur
Pythagoras thought harmony and number number and harmony in a thing causes the change
Heraclitus thought fire, strife between opposites
Parmenides says that change is an illusion (being can’t come from non-being
300
Aristotle’s 5th element
ether
300
the Ultimate final underlying is _____ ________
prime matter
300
why did Heraclitus think fire is the principle
nothing is permanent everything is changing like fire
400
an example of how Anaximander thinks change happens
warring between 2 opposites fighting for their own injustice. night changes to day because it is too bright. day changes to night because it is too dark
400
how Heraclitus understands opposites
Opposites are the same: the way up a mountain is the same way down
400
they think that change is the _________ and ________ of the underlying
mixing and separating
400
properties of matter
Volume, weight, temperature, mass, density, and inertia
400
a body is a composite of ________ _________, which is pure ______ and ___________ ________
a body is a composite of prime matter, which is pure potential and and substantial form
500
what questions did the pre-socratics try to answer
1) what are the first or ultimate principles of the cosmos? are they material or some other kind?
2)how many principles are necessary to explain everything in the cosmos?
3)from what material does everything come
4)how are generation and destruction possible? how do we explain the appearance of change in the universe?
500
change is going from _________ being to _______________ being
Potential and actual
500
the process of which the elements can become each other
Reciprocal transformation