Vocab
Facts, Statistics, Numerical Data, quotations, specific examples and expert opinions
What is evidence
A picture with captions or labels showing steps, stages, or the progression of events
what is Diagram.
Describes a topic, idea, person, or thing by giving specific information about it.
What is description text structure
The most important point that author makes about a topic in a text.
Thesis
List these sources from most credible to least credible: .org, a blog, .com, .edu
Most - .org .edu
middle - .com
least - a blog
Writing that presents information or ideas about real people, places, things, or events.
What is informational text.
Large amounts of information organized into columns and rows with headings.
What is a table
Presents ideas, steps in a process, or a list of items.
Frist, second third, later, next....
What is sequence/chronological
What is the central idea of the passage?
First Ladies of the United States
Many first ladies of the US have been remembered because of the ways they have influenced their husbands. Other first ladies have made the history books on their own.
At least two first ladies, Bess Truman and Lady Bird Johnson, made it their business to send signals during their husbands’ speeches. When Lady Bird Johnson thought her husband was talking too long, she wrote a note and sent it up to the platform. It read, “It’s time to stop!” And he did. Once Bess Truman didn’t like what her husband was saying on television, so she phoned him and said, “If you can’t talk more politely than that in public, you come right home.”
Abigail Fillmore and Eliza Johnson actually taught their husbands, Millard Fillmore and Andrew Johnson, the thirteenth and seventeenth presidents. A schoolteacher, Abigail eventually married her pupil, Millard. When Eliza Johnson married Andrew, he could not read or write, so she taught him herself.
It was First Lady Helen Taft’s idea to plant the famous cherry trees in Washington, DC. Each spring, these blossoming trees attract thousands of visitors to the nation’s capital. Mrs. Taft also influenced the male members of her family and the White House staff in a strange way: she convinced them to shave off their beards!
Shortly after President Woodrow Wilson suffered a stroke, Edith Wilson unofficially took over most of the duties of the presidency until the end of her husband’s term. Earlier, during World War I, Mrs. Wilson had sheep brought onto the White House lawn to eat the grass. The sheep not only kept the lawn mowed, but provided wool for an auction sponsored by the first lady. Almost $100,000 was raised for the Red Cross.
Dolly Madison saw to it that a magnificent painting of George Washington was not destroyed during the War of 1812. As the British marched toward Washington, DC, she remained behind to rescue the painting, even after the guards had left. The painting is the only object from the original White House that was not burned.
One of the most famous first ladies was Eleanor Roosevelt, the wife of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. She was active in political and social causes throughout her husband’s tenure in office. After his death, she became famous for her humanitarian work in the United Nations. She made life better for thousands of needy people around the world.
The first ladies are important figures in American culture.
What are the three types of evidence/persuasion techniques?
AND
What are their meanings?
ethos - credibility - getting audience to trust you
logos - logic- getting audience to think
pathos - emotions - getting audience to feel
The order or pattern used to organize information
what is text structures
A picture of a person, place, or thing that has been cut in half, with the open half facing forward so the inside is revealed.
What is cross section.
Shows the relationship between the why and the what.
Cause and effect
What is the central idea of the paragraph?
Pilsen is an old community in Chicago with a long history. This part of Chicago started small and got bigger, as most neighborhoods in the city did. Its cultural history is about moving, changing, and connecting. Many people have moved there over the decades. This movement started when immigrants chose to settle in this part of the city when Chicago was growing rapidly. An immigrant is a person who moves from one country to another. Pilsen’s first people spoke German. They had moved from Germany. If you go to Pilsen today you will see some of the places they built. But when they first moved there, it had just a few homes. Then immigrants continued to migrate there; newcomers moved to Pilsen so they could be near people who came from the same country.
Pilsen is a community of immigrants.
Is the following Pathos, Ethos, or Logos:
“It is better to fight and die for our nation than be ruled by the barbaric, authoritarian enemy trying to invade our country.”
A statement that an author wants to discuss; the main idea or argument of an essay o presentation.
What is thesis
Located at the back of a book, and includes toopics, events, names, etc. Listed in alphabetical order with page numbers
What is an Index
Explains how two or more things are alike and how they are different.
Compare and Contrast
What are the four steps to determine the central idea?
1. check the text features
2. determine the text structure
3. identify the big ideas
4. locate the author's thesis statement
Is the following Ethos, Pathos, or Logos?
“During the 30 years that I have lived in this house, I have never seen a ghost in your room.”
What is Logos
Visual Displays of information
An alphabetical listing of important (bold) words with definitions and sometimes pronunciations found in the back of a book.
What is the Glossary
What text structure is the passage below:
The Mountain Pygmy Possum is endangered. In addition to natural predators, foxes, wild dogs, and feral cats are known to feed on the small marsupial. Yet, perhaps the greatest threat to Mountain Pygmy Possums are human beings who disturb their habitats.
Cause and effect
possum is endangered - effect
disrupted habitat - cause
What is a good title for the story?
This is an old story. It was written 100 years ago. So you will find it has a different style from stories people read and write today. For example, you’ll read that the children sell popcorn for 5 cents a bag and are thrilled.
Today, that’s not enough money to buy much. Mrs. Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor. She knew they had problems. She wanted to help them. She brought food. She brought medicine, too. The family lived in a small community with some people who were poor and others who were rich.
In the town, some people worked but others had no jobs, and families needed money to pay their bills. Some families were poor because the parents had lost jobs, and the economy was in decline. People tried to help each other meet these challenges.
One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before. There was a man sick in bed, his wife, who took care of him and could not go out to work, and their little boy.
The little boy--his name was Bernard--had interested her very much. "I wish you could see him," she said to her own children, John, Harry, and Clara, "he is such a help to his mother. He wants very much to earn some money, but I don't see what he can do." After their mother had left the room, the children sat thinking about Bernard.
"I wish we could help him to earn money," said Clara. “His family is suffering so much.”
"So do I," said Harry. “We really should do something to assist them.”
For some moments, John said nothing, but, suddenly, he sprang to his feet and cried, "I have a great idea! I have a solution that we can all help accomplish." The other children also jumped up all attention. When John had an idea, it was sure to be a good one. "I tell you what we can do," said John. "You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us for popping? Well, we can pop it, and put it into paper bags, and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it." When Mrs. Meredith heard of John's idea, she, too, thought it a good one.
Very soon, the children were busy popping the corn, while their mother went out to buy the paper bags. When she came back, she brought Bernard with her. In a short time, he started out on his new business, and, much sooner than could be expected, returned with an empty basket. Tucked into one of his mittens were ten nickels.
He had never earned so much money before in his life. When he found that it was all to be his, he was so delighted he could hardly speak, but his bright smiling face spoke for him.
After he had run home to take the money to his mother, John said, "We have corn enough left to send Bernard out ever so many times. May we do it again?"
"Yes,” said Mrs. Meredith, "you may send him every Saturday morning, if you will pop the corn for him yourselves. John, will you agree to take charge of the work?"
"Indeed I will," replied John, and he kept his word. For many weeks, every Saturday morning, no matter what opportunities there were to play, he saw that the corn was all popped, the paper bags filled, and arranged in the basket when Bernard arrived. People began to watch for the "little pop-corn boy," and every week he had at least fifty cents to take home, and often significantly more, income that supported his family. All of this was because of the way John carried out his bright idea.
How One Family Helped Another
"I've spent 30 years studying glaciers and ice sheets around the world. I've watched them shrink with my own eyes. Last summer, I stood on a glacier in Greenland that my team had measured in 1995—it had melted back by over a mile. My grandchildren will inherit a world with rising oceans and extreme weather. We must act now. Studies show that if we switch to renewable energy today, we can reduce carbon emissions by 60% within 20 years. The time for debate is over."
1. Which appeal is the speaker using when she mentions her 30 years of experience and personally witnessing glaciers melt? Why is this effective?
2. When the speaker talks about her grandchildren inheriting a damaged world, what appeal is she using? How does this make the audience feel rather than think?
3. The speaker includes a specific statistic: "60% reduction within 20 years." What appeal is this, and why might she include exact numbers?
1. Ethos — She establishes credibility through her expertise and personal experience. This makes audiences trust her because she's qualified.
2. Pathos — She appeals to emotions by mentioning her grandchildren's future. This makes people care about the issue personally.
3. Logos — She uses facts and statistics to appeal to logic and reason. Numbers feel objective and harder to argue against.