Terms
a person who moves around often in search of food
Nomad
How did early humans get their food?
They searched for it. Hunter-Gatherers
What are the main factors of a civilization?
Government, Religion, Jobs, and Language
What attracted outsiders to invade and conquer Assyria?
Its extremely fertile valleys
What was the Code of Hammurabi?
A set of laws that the Babylonian leader Hammurabi established for his empire
a system for bringing water to dry fields
Irrigation
How did the FIRST hunters hunt for food?
At first, they used clubs or drove the animals off of cliffs
What is a ziggurat?
A religious temple or holy place made to honor the chief god. It was a place for worship
When attacking a walled city, the Assyrians used what?
Massive war machines. Wheeled battering rams. Large ladders, or tunnels under the walls. Once the city was captured, they set fire to its buildings
How did Sumerian city-states lose their power?
They were conquered by outsiders
a set of beliefs and way of life that are special to a certain group
Culture
Name some of the first tools and methods that helped early human beings perform tasks.
Hitting flint with a hard stone to make sharp edges, hand axes, hunting spears. Fish hooks, needles and sharper tools from animal bones.
Sumerians invented a form of writing called what?
Cuneiform
What factors helped Assyria build a vast empire in Mesopotamia?
Its military power and well-organized government
Sargon set up the world's first empire when he conquered all of Mesopotamia in 2340 BC, what is an empire?
A group of many different lands under one ruler
scientist who learns about past human life by studying fossils and artifacts
Archaeologists
How did early humans adapt to their environment?
They made a life-changing discovery learning how to tame fire. They built shelter and made clothing to adapt to the climate of their location.
What is cuneiform?
It consisted of hundreds of wedge shaped marks cut into damp clay tablets with a sharp-ended reed. Their language was their own version of hieroglyphics
The King of the Chaldeans, Nebuchadnezzar built what for his wife?
The Hanging Gardens, terraced gardens of large trees, masses of flowering vines, and other beautiful plants
How did Hammurabi create his collection of laws?
He took what he believed were the best laws from each city-state and put them in one code
Weapons, tools, or other itemsmade by humans long ago
Artifacts
How did domesticating animals, and growing crops promote specialization?
Not everyone was needed for farming, some people had the time to develop other types of skills. Pottery, Sewing cloth, Toolmakers, Blacksmiths, etc.
Irrigation systems for crops, invented the wagon wheel to help carry people and goods, invented the plow to make farming easier, invented the sailboat to use the wind to travel over water, created a number system based on 60, created a 12 month calendar from the cycles of the moon
The Chaldean astronomers were the first to make what?
Sundials, instruments that used the sun's shadow to tell the time of day. A seven-day week
According to the textbook, how many laws did Hammurabi write in his code?
He wrote 282 laws to govern the people of Babylon