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What is science?
We know more about science than we did 500 years ago, why?
Scientific knowledge changes over time with more evidence
This is done to increase accuracy and check and compare results with other scientists by re-doing or copying their entire experiment.
Replication
How many independent variables should be tested at a time in a scientific investigation?
one
To make sure the results of an experiment are valid, the scientist
Must repeat the experiment
The observations, measurements, and other types of data that people gather to test, and support, and evaluate scientific explanations?
What is empirical evidence
A scientific test done under controlled conditions, meaning just one factor is changed at a time, while all others are kept constant is a _____________.
Controlled experiment
A student conducts an experiment in which she drops objects, each with a different mass, all from the same height. She uses a stopwatch and records the time it takes for each object to hit the ground. Which of the following is the independent variable in her experiment?
Mass of the object
The variable in the experiment that is the outcome and what you usually measure is called the:
Dependent variable
The following statement about scientific hypotheses is true
answer choices
1. Hypotheses should be made after the investigation is completed
2. Hypotheses are not based on knowledge
3. If hypotheses are not supported, the experimental results are still valid
4. If hypotheses fail, the experiment should be repeated until the scientist gets the results they want.
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This is an orderly procedure carried out with the goal of verifying, refuting, or establishing the validity of a hypothesis.
What is a scientific experiment?
What part of the scientific process does this represent?
"If plants are exposed to more sunlight, then they will grow taller because light energy is used during photosynthesis to make sugar that is used for growth."
Hypothesis
When you make a logical explanation or draw a conclusion based on an observation and prior knowledge, you are making a(n) ____________.
"The cat is closing its eyes so it must be sleepy." Which of the following would this be an example of?
inference
What is a scientific theory?
explanation for how something happens
This is the process of obtaining information by using the senses
What is observation
Jennifer wanted to study the effect of sunlight on plant growth. She exposed 10 identical plants to various amounts of sunlight each day (2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, and 6 hours). After one month, she measured the mass of the plants. What was the independent variable?
Hours of sunlight
The container is filled to the 350 mL mark with water. This is an example of a _______________________. (qualitative or quantitative
Quantitative observation
A scientist performs multiple trials in their experiment. Is this an example of repetition or replication?
Repitition
Which of these statements is true about scientific laws and scientific theories?
answer choices
1. Laws are based on evidence while theories are not
2. Theories only involve biology
3. Theories use math to make predictions
4. Both theories and laws are based on evidence
4
Write an example of a hypothesis (must be in correct format to get points)
If I _______ then this will happen
I am conducting an experiment to determine if the amount of fertilizer used on a field affects the number of earthworms found there. Which would be the dependent variable for this experiment?
Number of earthworms
Which variable is changed on purpose by the scientist?
Independent/ manipulated variable
The things in an experiment that are kept constant/the same the entire time so that they do not affect the results of the experiment.
Control variable or control group
Which of these could be part of a scientific investigation? (select all that apply)
answer choices
1. Determining the type of rock found in a crater
2. Studying for a school test
3. Trying different types of ice cream to see which one you like best
4. Observing and drawing the position of stars in the sky
5. Recording the amount of rainfall in your area
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