Matter & Energy
What are the three common states of matter? Give one property of each.
Solid, liquid, gas
Name at least two types of forces that act on objects.
Gravity, friction, magnetism, applied force, normal force.
What causes the seasons on Earth?
Earth's tilt on it's axis.
Name the four main layers of Earth and describe the state of matter for each.
Inner core (solid, very hot, metasl), Outer core (liquid, metals), Mantle (semi-solid magma rock that convects), Crust (thin solid outer layer).
What are the two categories of resources? Give 2 examples of each.
Renewable resources: wind, solar, hydropower
Non-renewable resources: coal, petroleum, natural gas, nuclear
What are the small particles that make up all matter called?
Atoms
Explain the difference between mass and weight.
Mass is amount of matter (kg); weight is force of gravity on that mass (Newtons).
Orbit: the path Earth takes around the Sun. Axis: imaginary line through Earth about which it rotates.
What causes the Inner Core of Earth to be solid?
The immense pressure from all the outer layers.
What is it called when we prevent the wasteful use of a resource?
Conservation
Homogeneous mixture looks the same throughout (saltwater, air); heterogeneous mixture has parts you can see or separate (salad, trail mix).
If two forces act on an object to the right with 60 N and to the left with 20 N, calculate the net force and say whether the object is accelerating (unbalanced) or balanced.
Net force = 60−20=40
40 N to the right; forces are unbalanced so object accelerates in the direction of the net force.
What causes tides on Earth and what are the two types of tides?
What are the three types of rocks in the rock cycle and briefly say how each forms?
Sedimentary (formed by weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation), Metamorphic (formed by heat and pressure changing existing rocks), Igneous (formed by cooling/crystallization of magma or lava).
What are ways we can conserve resources?
Turning off lights, reusable water bottles, turn off water when brushing teeth, shorter showers, recycle, etc.
Name two physical properties you could use to identify an element on the periodic table.
Examples: luster, conductivity, malleability, magnetism, ductility, hardness, melting point, density.
State Newton’s Third Law in simple terms and give one real-world example.
Newton’s Third Law: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Example: pushing on a wall and the wall pushing back; a rocket push of gases backward causes the rocket to move forward.
Describe the difference between spring tides and neap tides and say which is stronger. (include how the Sun, Moon, and Earth look during each)
Spring tides are stronger (higher high tides and lower low tides) and occur when Sun and Moon’s gravitational forces align; Neap tides are weaker when forces are at right angles.
What is the difference between intrusive igneous rock and extrusive igneous rock?
Intrusive igneous rocks form under Earth's crust and cool slowly.
Extrusive igneous rocks from outside of Earth's crust and cool quickly.
What is it called when people in a community lack access to healthy food, or do not get enough of it?
List four signs that a chemical change has occurred.
Production of gas, bubbles, new odor, change in temperature, production of a precipitate, color change.
Compare gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy using a ball at the top of a hill and as it rolls down.
A ball at top of hill has high gravitational potential energy; as it rolls down that potential energy converts to kinetic energy (motion).
Draw a diagram that shows Earth's tilt correctly for Summer and Winter in the Northern Hemisphere
(On whiteboard)
Earth's axis tilted TOWARDS sun = Summer in NH
Earth's axis tilted AWAY from sun = Winter in NH
Name the two types of Earth's crust.
What does it mean for something to be sustainable?
Something that can be used for long periods of time, like using solar power.