Lesson 1
A scientific question can be answered through:
investigation
1. _____ use models to develop and test design solutions.
2. _____ use models to explain phenomena and make predictions.
2. scientists
A ______ is a possible explanation for something that a scientist has observed.
hypothesis
A. Engineers use math for measurements.
B. Engineers use math to communicate the criteria and constraints of a design solution.
C. Engineers use relationships like formulas, probability, and statistics.
D. All of these.
D. All of these.
What makes a question scientific?
Who uses scientific knowledge?
scientists, engineers, middle school students
everyone/all of these
What might scientists use a model to represent?
A. things that no longer exist, like dinosaurs.
B. processes, like evaporation and freezing.
C. places we cannot see, like Earth's core.
D. all of these.
D. all of these.
1. The ______ is the factor an experimenter will manipulate.
2. The ______ is the factor that may change as a result.
Options: dependent variable, independent variable
1. independent variable
2. dependent variable
Which of these is an example of a simulation?
A. a fire drill
B. walking a dog
C. baking bread
D. playing the piano
A. a fire drill
Biologists are studying bacteria that reproduce by dividing in half. They use mathematical thinking to predict:
A. diseases the bacteria may cause
B. what will kill the bacteria
C. the number of bacteria there will be in 24 hours
D. where the bacteria will live
C. the number of bacteria there will be in 24 hours
Criteria are the requirements of a solution. List 3 criteria for an improved school backpack.
lightweight, large, phone charging, comfortable straps, durable, etc.
Meteorologists use computer simulations to study weather. This type of model can help the meteorologist:
A. explain weather conditions to others.
B. make predictions about weather patterns.
C. experience a live weather event.
D. both A and B.
D. both A and B.
Are the steps of the engineering design process repeated?
yes
Which of these is an example of a simulation?
A. a special type of engineering team
B. a real-life event like a concert of ball game
C. a model that mimics a process or system
D. a mathematical formula or algorithm
C. a model that mimics a process or system
Which is the criterion, and which is the constraint?
1. Who is the design solution for?
2. What materials are available?
1. Criterion
2. Constraint
Which statements are true? (choose 2)
1. Scientists work to explain phenomena; engineers use science to solve problems.
2. Scientists use scientific inquiry, research, and technology, but engineers do not.
3. Scientists observe the natural world and ask questions about it.
4. Engineering and science do not use the same practices.
1. Scientists work to explain phenomena; engineers use science to solve problems.
3. Scientists observe the natural world and ask questions about it.
List three examples of mathematical models.
charts, graphs, formulas, equations, etc.
What is the engineering design process?
A. instructions on how to build a prototype
B. a list of constraints that engineers must work around
C. a method for finding a design solution
D. directions for operating equipment
C. a method for finding a design solution
The formula for finding the area of a rectangle is:
A = lw
If the width of the rectangle increases, predict what will happen to the area.
The area will increase.
Which of these is an engineering question?
A. What myths have been written about Mars?
B. What elements are found the surface of Mars?
C. How can we gather samples from the planet Mars?
D. Has there ever been life on the planet Mars?
C. How can we gather samples from the planet Mars?
Which of these is an engineering question?
A. How do we make the nature preserve wheelchair accessible?
B. What are glaciers and polar ice caps made of?
C. How do animals spread pollen?
D. Why does the view in the night sky change?
A. How do we make the nature preserve wheelchair accessible?
What is a prototype?
A working model.
Why do engineers test their solutions under a range of different conditions?
To find out if the solution will work in various situations.
Why do scientists and engineers use simulations?
They can show a process or system that is too difficult, dangerous, or costly to perform in real life. They use simulations to gather information, find patterns, analyze data, and test design solutions. ETC.
Hypothesis: The more light a rosebush receives, the more blooms it will have.
Identify the two (2) factors that should remain constant, the independent variable, and the dependent variable.
1. amount of sunlight.
2. number of blooms.
3. type of rosebush.
4. amount of water.
1. amount of sunlight. INDEPENDENT
2. number of blooms. DEPENDENT
3. type of rosebush. CONSTANT
4. amount of water. CONSTANT