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The scientific study of heredity (traits that are inherited from parents)
Genetics
A segment of DNA that codes for one specific trait.
Gene
Different forms of genes
Alleles
The visible traits or physical appearance of an organism.
Phenotype
Having two identical alleles for a given trait.
Homozygous
The process by which a cell makes a copy of the DNA in its nucleus.
Replication
The stage of the cell cycle in which the cell's nucleus divides
Mitosis
A structure that looks like a double rod that contains the genetic information
Chromosomes
Cellular organelles that separate the chromatids during mitosis.
Centrioles
A disease in which cells grow and divide uncontrollably, which damages parts of the body around them.
Cancer
What is the order of the three stages of the cell cycle?
Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
DNA is made up of nucleotides. What nucleotides (nitrogenous bases) go together?
A-T, C-G
An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present.
Dominant allele
When more than one dominant trait is expressed in an organism.
Codominance
The process that occurs in the formation of gametes in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half.
Meiosis
Large molecules made up of amino acids
Proteins
The molecules that proteins are made of.
Amino acids
What DNA is copied onto and which carries the information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it is used to make proteins.
Messenger RNA
What are the four steps of Mitosis?
Prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
During Mitosis, in what phase do the chromosomes align in the middle?
metaphase
How does cancer form? Tumors?
Tumors are caused when cancer cells grow
larger than normal and divide uncontrollably.
As more and more of the cells divide, a growth
of cancerous cells appears that can cause
damage to the parts of the body surrounding
it and spread to other places in the body.
Describe the process of replication.
The
DNA is unzipped in the nucleus and each
of the double strands has the appropriate
nitrogenous base attach to it that was present
in the original DNA, ending off with two copies
of the original DNA.
mRNA makes a copy
of the DNA in the nucleus and sends it out to
ribosomes
What is the function of tRNA?
Transfer RNA or tRNA reads the mRNA
that is being processed by the ribosomes
and brings the appropriate amino acid to be
In what phase in the cell cycle does replication happen?
Interphase