Geography
What is the study of Earth's physical features and how people interact with places?
Geography
What is the study of the past?
History
What is a primary source?
A source created during the time being studied by someone who experienced or witnessed the event.
What does hunter-gatherer mean?
People who hunted animals and gathered wild plants for food.
A complex society with features such as cities, government, specialized jobs, social classes, and systems of writing or record keeping.
What are the four cardinal directions?
North, South, East, and West
Before Common Era
Give an example of a primary source
Answers may include diary, letter, photograph, artifact, speech, or government document.
Why was fire important to early humans?
Fire provided warmth, protection, light, and allowed people to cook food.
Why did many early civilizations develop near rivers?
Rivers provided water, fertile soil, transportation, and other resources.
What is the difference between absolute and relative location?
Absolute location gives an exact location, while relative location describes where something is compared to something else.
What is chronology?
The arrangement of events in the order they happened.
What is secondary source?
A source created later that uses information from primary and/or other secondary sources to explain the past.
Why did many early humans move from place to place?
They followed food, water, animals, and seasonal resources.
What is specialization of labor?
When people perform different jobs or roles instead of everyone doing the same work.
What imaginary lines measure distance north or south of the Equator?
Lines of latitude?
Which happened first: the invention of writing or the development of agriculture?
Agriculture
The study of past human life through objects, remains, structures, and other physical evidence.
What was one major effect of the development of agriculture?
People could settle in permanent communities and produce a more reliable food supply.
What are some characteristics commonly found in civilizations?
Cities, government, religion, social classes, specialized jobs, writing/record keeping, and technology.
A civilization develops next to a river that provides water, transportation, and fertile soil. What geographic advantage does the river provide?
It provides resources and makes farming, transportation, and settlement easier.
Why do historians use timelines?
To organize events chronologically and understand when events happened in relation to one another.
An archaeologist discovers broken pottery, animal bones, and stone tools at an ancient settlement. What can these artifacts help historians understand?
They can provide evidence about how people lived, ate, worked, and used technology.
Why is the development of agriculture considered a turning point in human history?
It allowed people to settle permanently, increase populations, specialize in jobs, and eventually develop complex societies and civilizations.
Explain how geography can influence the development of a civilization.
Geography affects access to water, food, resources, transportation, protection, and trade, which can influence where people settle and how their society develops.