Geography & Human Settlement
100 — This resource is often the main reason people choose to settle in a place because it is needed for drinking, farming, and industry.
100 — Fresh water (rivers, lakes, groundwater).
100 — In this system, individuals and businesses make most economic decisions with limited government control.
100 — Free enterprise system (or market economy).
100 — A government that has limits on leaders’ powers and protects citizen rights is called this.
100 — Limited government.
100 — A region where people share language, religion, and traditions is called a ________.
100 — Cultural region.
100 — The action of choosing leaders in elections that citizens are expected to do is called this.
100 — Voting.
200 — Name two major physical features shared by the United States and Canada that influence settlement and movement.
200 — Examples: Rocky Mountains and Great Lakes.
200 — When the government controls production and distribution of goods, that economy is called this.
200 — Communist economy.
200 — In this system, power is divided between a national government and regional governments.
200 — Federal system
200 — List three elements that are part of a group's culture.
200 — Language, religion, food, clothing, music, traditions (any three).
200 — Is voting a legal requirement in the United States? Answer and explain briefly.
200 — No; voting is a civic responsibility in the U.S., not legally required (except some local rules may vary).
300 — The movement of people from rural areas to cities for jobs is called this.
300 — Urbanization.
300 — Give one example of how natural resources (like oil) can affect a region’s economy.
300 — Example: Creates jobs in extraction and refining, supports related industries, increases regional income.
300 — What is a constitution, and why is it important in a limited government?
300 — A constitution is a written document that outlines government structure and protects individual rights. It's important because it legally limits government power.
300 — Explain how geography can influence the types of shelter people build (give one clear example).
300 — Example: In cold climates people build homes with steep roofs and insulation; in areas with abundant timber they build wooden houses.
300 — Name two rights that limited governments protect for citizens.
300 — Examples: freedom of speech, freedom of the press, right to a fair trial, right to vote.
400 — Explain why most major cities in Russia are located in the western part of the country (give two reasons).
400 — Milder climate, better farmland, access to trade routes/European Russia has more favorable conditions.
400 — Explain how geography (location or resources) can influence the types of economic activities in a region.
400 — Geography determines available resources, transportation access, and climate that shape farming, industry, or trade.
400 — Name and explain one difference between a unitary system and a federal system of government.
400 — Unitary: central government holds most power; Federal: power shared with states/regions.
400 — Why has Quebec been the center of cultural conflict in Canada? Name the main issue.
400 — Language preservation (French vs. English usage, protection of French language and culture).
400 — Besides voting, give two civic responsibilities or duties citizens should perform.
400 — Stay informed about government, serve on juries, follow laws, volunteer in community.
500 — Describe how climate patterns in parts of the northeastern and north‑central United States are similar to parts of central and eastern Europe; mention the climate type.
500 — Both have humid continental climates in those regions (cold winters, warm summers; similar precipitation patterns).
500 — Compare one positive and one negative effect of having a large amount of a single natural resource (like oil) in a region.
500 — Positive: wealth and jobs; Negative: economic dependence on one resource, vulnerability to price drops.
500 — Describe one reason people want limits on government power and give an example of a right those limits protect.
500 — To prevent abuse of power and protect rights such as free speech and fair trials.
500 — Describe how French settlement created a lasting cultural region in Canada (mention language and identity).
500 — French settlers established language, religion, and customs in Quebec that continue to shape identity and laws (e.g., use of French).
500 — Explain how limiting government power helps protect freedoms like speech and press; give a short example.
500 — Limits (like a constitution) prevent government from censoring the press; for example, laws protect journalists from being punished for criticizing leaders.