New England Colonies
What was the main type of work in the New England colonies?
Fishing, whaling, and shipbuilding
Which colony was founded by William Penn for Quakers?
Pennsylvania
What was the first permanent English settlement in America?
Jamestown, Virginia
What was the system of trade connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas?
The Triangular Trade
By 1750, how many English colonies were there in North America?
Thirteen
Which colony was founded by the Puritans for religious freedom?
Massachusetts
Why were the Middle Colonies called the “breadbasket colonies”?
They grew large amounts of grain and wheat
What crops were known as “cash crops” in the South?
Tobacco, rice, and indigo
What was the journey across the Atlantic Ocean that enslaved Africans endured?
The Middle Passage
What region had the highest enslaved population by 1750?
The Southern Colonies
Why were farms in New England small?
The rocky soil and cold climate made large-scale farming difficult
What two cities became major trade centers in the Middle Colonies?
New York and Philadelphia
Why did plantation owners use enslaved Africans for labor?
They needed a large, cheap labor force for plantations
What were ships from New England trading for enslaved Africans?
Rum, iron, and goods
What was the approximate population of the colonies by 1750?
About two million people
What kind of government did the New England colonies use?
Town meetings and self-government
What made the population of the Middle Colonies more diverse?
Immigrants from many European countries settled there
What colony was founded as a place for debtors and the poor?
Georgia
What was one way enslaved people resisted slavery?
Rebellion, escape, or working slowly
How did geography influence life in the colonies?
It determined jobs, crops, and settlement patterns
What document signed in 1620 was an early example of self-government?
The Mayflower Compact
What was the main difference between the Middle Colonies and New England?
Middle Colonies had better soil and more farming
What natural feature influenced where plantations were built?
Fertile soil and rivers near the coast
How did slavery affect the Southern economy?
It made plantation owners wealthy and created a slave-based economy