1-5
a place where two plate boundaries meet
what is, a plate boundry
a giant wave caused by an underwater earthquake
what is, a tsunami
a tool that measures the strength (magnitude) of an earthquake
what is, the richter scale
name and describe three seismic waves
P-waves (strongest), S-waves (2nd strongest), and surface waves (least strongest)
What causes earthquakes?
what is, Earthquakes are caused by sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust, typically along fault lines
the outermost, thinnest layer of earth
what is, the crust
the fastest type of seismic wave
what is, P-wave (a primary wave)
a tool that measures earthquake damage based on what people feel and see
what is, the mercalli scale
name and describe three types of volcanoes
what is, shield volcanoes (wide,gently sloping, made from runny lava, composite volcanoes (also known as stratovolcanoes are small, steep, and made from ash and cinder), and cinder cone volcanoes (tall, steep, and made from alternating layers)
define the lithosphere?
what is, the rigid outer layer (crust and upper mantle)
a mountain that forms when magma reaches the earths surface
what is, a volcano
a seismic wave that shakes the ground up and down, side to side; can only move through solids
what is, S-wave
the middle layer of the earth made of solid rock that flows slowly
what is, the mantle
compare and contrast Earth's crust, mantle, and core
what is, the crust is the outermost, solid layer, consisting of rocks like basalt and granite. The mantle, beneath the crust, is a semi-solid, silicate-rich layer. The core, at the Earth's center, is primarily metallic (iron and nickel) and has a liquid outer layer and a solid inner layer
What causes the Earth's magnetic field?
what is, is generated by the movement of molten iron and nickel in the outer core.
the point on earths surface directly above where an earthquake starts
what is, the epicenter
a seismic wave that travels along the face of the earth
what is, surface wave
the dense center of earth made mostly of iron and nickel
what is, the inner core
how is a tsunami different in the deep ocean compared to when it reaches the shore
In the deep ocean, a tsunami travels very fast, with speeds potentially exceeding 500 mph, and its wave height is usually very small, making it almost undetectable at the surface. However, as a tsunami approaches the shore and enters shallower water, its speed slows down, and its wave height dramatically increases, potentially reaching 30 feet or more
Where are earthquakes common?
what is, along tectonic plate boundaries, especially along the Pacific Ring of Fire.
a break in the earth's crust where rocks have slipped past each other
what is, a fault
a wave that travels through Earth's interior during an earthquake
what is, seismic-wave
how is volcanic activity related to the theory of plate tectonics
what is, volcanoes form at plate boundaries where plates move apart or collide, allowing magma to reach the surface
What is the difference between the Richter scale and the Mercalli scale?
The Mercalli and Richter scales are both used when measuring the impacts of seismic activity. However, while the Richter scale measures the magnitude of the earthquake (meaning the force of the earthquake), the Mercalli scale measures the physical impact of the earthquake within a given location.
A geologist checks her seismometer for activity after an earthquake that occurs on the other side of Earth. The instrument records P-waves, but not S-waves.
what is, S-waves cannot travel through the liquid outer core of the Earth